Random facts from study group

Question 1

Major degenerative dementias are associated with the abnormal aggregation of a specific protein:

Alpha Synuclein
Tauopathies
Amyloidopathies

Answer 1

Major degenerative dementias are associated with the abnormal aggregation of a specific protein:

Alpha Synuclein
- MSA (early urinary incontinence, postural hypotension and dysarthria
- Parkinsons
- Dementia with lewy bodies (early hallucinations)
Tauopathies
- progressive supranucleaer palsy (early imbalance and falls)
- frontotemporal dementia. 3 repeat Tau (Picks bodies) in Picks variant
Amyloidopathies
- alzheimers
o plaques of amuloid (ABeta42), also tangles (tau and lewy bodies (alpha-synuclein)
Prion related
- CJD

Question 2

need to reword this into a question

Answer 2

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is metabolized to a major extent by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2.
Smoking is a potent inducer of CYP1A2 enzyme activity, resulting in significant lower clozapine serum concentrations in smokers compared with non-smokers, upon a given dose.
Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism identified at position 734 of the CYP1A2 gene, was reported to affect the inducibility of the enzyme.

Question 3

lytic bone mets

Answer 3

Primary tumour sites associated with lytic (osteoclastic) bone mets:

RCC
Melanoma
MM
NSCLC
NHL
Thyroid cancer
Langerhan's histiocytosis

Mixed (OB/OC): Breast Ca, GI tumours, SCC (most sites)

(See Jess’s Oncology Cards for lytic and sclerotic bone met DDx)

Question 4

first gen anti psychotic SE

Answer 4

common side effects associated with first-generation antipsychotic antipsychotics (FGAs) include extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), tardive dyskinesia, hyperprolactinemia, sedation, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, QT prolongation, sudden death, and an increased risk of mortality when used to treat psychiatric symptoms associated with dementia in elderly patients

Chlorpromazine causes high cholesterol and weight gain/ T2DM

Question 5

What is the most common cause of delirium in the elderly?
A. change in medications
B. change in environment
C. infection
D. stroke
E. trauma

Answer 5

change in medications