Thoracic Cavity

Question 1

What landmark would you use to find the suprasternal (jugular) notch?

Answer 1

Vertebral level T2-T3

Question 2

What landmarks would you use to find the sternal angle of louis?

Answer 2

Vertebral level T4-T5
Manubriosternal joint
Costal cartilage of 2nd rib

Question 3

What landmark would you use to find the xiphoid process?

Answer 3

Vertebral level T9-T10

Question 4

What landmarks would you use to find the root of the spine of the scapula?

Answer 4

Vertebral level T4

Spine of T3

Question 5

What landmarks would you use to find the inferior angle of the scapula?

Answer 5

Vertebral level T8
Spine T7
Overlies rib 7, points to rib 8

Question 6

Of the axillary lines, which would be used for a chest tube?

Answer 6

Mid-axillary line

Question 7

What defines the thoracic inlet?

Answer 7

• body of T1
• 1st pair of ribs and cartilages
• superior end of manubrium

Question 8

What defines the thoracic outlet?

Answer 8

• xiphisternal joint
• 12th ribs and costochondral junction
• closed by thoracic diaphragm

Question 9

What defines the sternal region?

Answer 9

Sternum

Clavicular and chondral attachments to sternum

Question 10

What is a costovertebral joint?

Answer 10

The head of the rib and the vertebral body at and above its level

Question 11

What is a costotransverse joint?

Answer 11

tubercle of rib and transverse process of vertebra-same level

Question 12

What part of the ribs houses the intercostal NV bundle?

Answer 12

costal groove

Question 13

What type of joint is the sternocostal joint?

Answer 13

1st rib is primary cartilaginous

rest are synovial plane-type joints

Question 14

What vertebral levels does the manubrium span?

Answer 14

T2-T5

Question 15

What vertebral levels does the body of the sternum span?

Answer 15

T5-T9

Question 16

What vertebral levels does the xiphoid process span?

Answer 16

T9-T10

Question 17

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 17

Synovial, saddle-type

Question 18

What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?

Answer 18

secondary cartilaginous joint

Question 19

What type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?

Answer 19

primary cartilagenous joint

Question 20

The breast lies on what 2 muscles?

Answer 20

2/3 on deep fascia pectoralis major

1/2 on deep fascia serratus anterior

Question 21

Pectoralis major (origin, innervation)

Answer 21

O: lateral border of sternum, clavicle, upper 6 costal cartilages
I: lateral lip of intertubercular groove
innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
blood supply: pectoral branches of thoracoacromial trunk

Question 22

Pectoralis minor (origin, innervation)

Answer 22

O: 3rd-5th ribs
I: coracoid process of scapula
innervation: medial pectoral nerve
blood supply: pectoral branches of thoracoacromial trunk

Question 23

Serratus anterior (origin, innervation, blood supply)

Answer 23

O: lateral wall of thoracic wall, upper 8/9 ribs
I: medial border of scapula
innervation: long thoracic n
blood supply: lateral thoracic a

Question 24

What is the function of the retromammary gland?

Answer 24

• located b/w glands and deep fascia

- allows for movement of breast

Question 25

What is the function of the suspensory (cooper’s) ligaments?

Answer 25

• attaches gland to dermis of the skin

- well developed superiorly

Question 26

What is the vasculature of the breast?

Answer 26

• internal thoracic a
• lateral thoracic a
• pectoral branches of thoracoacromial trunk

Question 27

Where does the lymphatic drainage occur for the breast?

Answer 27

• 75% axillary nodes

- 25% clavicular and parasternal nodes

Question 28

What is the function of the serratus posterior superior? inferior?

Answer 28

Superior: elevates
Inferior: depresses

Question 29

What innervates the serratus posterior superior/inferior?

Answer 29

Ventral primary rami of intercostal nerves

Question 30

Levator costarum

Answer 30

Transverse processes of C7-T11 to costal tubercule and costal angle

Question 31

What is the function of the external intercostal muscle? What direction do its fibers go?

Answer 31

• elevates

- anteroinferiorly from upper to lower rib

Question 32

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscle? What direction do its fibers go?

Answer 32

Costal (bony ribs) portion: depresses
Chondral (costal cartilage) portion: elevates

Fibers run posteroinferiorly

Question 33

What is the function of the innermost intercostal muscle? Where is it located?

Answer 33

• elevation
• located in 3rd muscular layer of intercostal space
• found internally on posterolateral thoracic walls

Question 34

What is the function of the subcostal muscles?

Answer 34

• elevation

- crosses more than one intercostal space

Question 35

What is the function of the transversus thoracis?

Answer 35

• Depresses ribs
• radiates superiorly-laterally
• lower sternum to internal surface of 2nd-6th costal cartilage

Question 36

What types of attachments does the thoracic diaphragm have? What is it responsible for?

Answer 36

• sternal, costochondral, lumbar attachments

- 80% quiet breathing

Question 37

What are the thoracic muscles attached to? by what?

Answer 37

• attached internally to parietal pleura via endothoracic fascia

Question 38

What is the internal thoracic a. a branch of? Where does it terminate?

Answer 38

• A branch of the subclavian

- terminates in the 6th intercostal space

Question 39

What intercostal spaces does the musculophrenic a supply?

Answer 39

7th-9th

Question 40

Superior intercostal a.

Answer 40

• branch of costocervical trunk

- assists in supplying 1st and 2nd IC spaces

Question 41

Thoracic aorta

Answer 41

• supplies all 11 IC spaces
• 1st 2 IC spaces reinforces blood supply of superior intercostal aa from costocervical trunk and the superior thoracic a from the 1st part of axillary a

Question 42

What makes up the intercostal veins?

Answer 42

• Azygous system of veins

- internal thoracic vein

Question 43

Where is the subcostal nerve, artery, and vein located?

Answer 43

• under rib 12

- T12 nerve