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Locomotor > Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation > Flashcards

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Flashcards

0
Q

What is physiotherapy?

A

Use of physical techniques that have a direct impact of healing tissues and exercises that promote proprioceptive learning with some overlap between the two

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1
Q

Who are physiotherapists and what do they do?

A

Nurses/vets with specific experience and training or qualified physiotherapists with animal experience and/or holders of a conversion qualification
Work under the instruction of a veterinary surgeon once the vet has seen and diagnosed the condition

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2
Q

What is important to tell the client prior to physiotherapy treatment starting?

A

Cycle of examination, therapy and re-examination

If this isn’t made clear they can think that you don’t know what you’re doing

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3
Q

What is massage used for?

A

Pain relief
Used on limbs with decreased motility due to mechanical restriction/post surgery/disease
Preventative
Relaxation and improved circulation and lymphatic drainage

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4
Q

What is massage often used in conjunction with as a warm up?

A

Range-of-movement exercises

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of massage?

A

Time consuming and physically demanding on the therapist

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6
Q

What are some different massage techniques used?

A

Stroking = hands move proximal to distal
Effleurage = hands move distal to proximal with medium pressure
Compression and wringing = higher pressure targeted at individual muscles, compress and hold for 15 seconds
Percussion = cupped hand/hacking over areas of increased tone with specific attention to spasmic nodules

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7
Q

What effect does cryotherapy have?

A

Constricts vessels and provides analgesia

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8
Q

What are the advantages of cryotherapy?

A

Can be used even if the patient isn’t ambulatory

Most effective at managing acute inflammation

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9
Q

How long should cryotherapy be applied for?

A

20 minutes

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10
Q

What are the methods of performing cryotherapy?

A 
Plastic bag with water/ice mix
Cryogel packs
Jackets and filler flasks
Ice bath emersion
Vapour coolant
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11
Q

What is important to look out for when performing cryotherapy?

A

Frostbite

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12
Q

What effect does thermotherapy have?

A

Constricts vessels and provides analgesia

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13
Q

What are the advantages of thermotherapy?

A

It can be used when the patient isn’t ambulatory

Once initial swelling has decreased heat helps vasodilation

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of thermotherapy?

A

Will make swelling, heat and pain worse

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15
Q

What can be used to apply thermotherapy?

A

Heat packs or hot water bottles

16
Q

What are range of motion (ROM) and stretching used for?

A

Diminish the effects of dissuse and immobility by increasing limb flexibility, improving ROM of joints, reducing adhesions and thickening around joints and improving muscle extension

17
Q

How quickly do ROM and stretching work?

A

Expect small gains to occur slowly but effectively

18
Q

When can passive ROM start to be used? What needs to be considered prior to starting treatment?

A

Early before the patient wants to stand
Ensure the animal is under analgesia and possibly sedated
Therapist supports the limb, isolates the joint and flexes and extends repeatedly to the limit of the ROM or all joints put through ROM together

19
Q

How often can passive ROM be performed?

A

15-20 repetitions, 2-4 times a day

20
Q

What is active assisted ROM?

A

Once patient starts to walk/in a pool therapist manually assists limb movement to encourage patient to use fuller ROM

21
Q

When is active ROM used?

A

If patients are walking or trotting more normally but not using full ROM

22
Q

What is active ROM?

A

Change exercise to encourage full ROM, for example, walking in water

23
Q

How does stretching differ from ROM exercises? What functions does it perform?

A

Involves taking joint past the normal ROM
Designed to oppose shortening of tissues
Breaks down fibrosis and adhesion

24
Q

What is static stretching?

A

Taking joint to ROM and then to stretch with the aim of causing no more than minor discomfort, hold for 15 seconds and then release up to 20 times per session

25
Q

What is prolonged static stretching?

A

The same as static stretching but held for between 20 mins ad 4 hours using a cast/splint or bandage

26
Q

What is ballistic stretching?

A

Series of short bouncing stretches which is more difficult to control and only used if good pain management

27
Q

What are some examples of therapeutic exercises?

A

Assisted standing, maximal assisted standing, active assisted standing and body slings

28
Q

How does ultrasound work?

A

Primarily through a heating effect and has the capacity to heat deeper tissues

29
Q

What is key for an ultrasound treatment to be successful?

A

Good transducer coupling with short 10 minute treatments

30
Q

What is ultrasound useful for treating?

A

Soft tissue shortening, subacute and chronic inflammation and pain

31
Q

What does NMES stand for?

A

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

32
Q

What does electrical stimulation do?

A

Increased muscle mass, strength and oxidative capacity

Time efficient method of restoring muscle function in a protected environment and may also have an analgesic effect

33
Q

What does laser therapy claim to do?

A

Vasodilation and tissue regeneration

34
Q

What is the purpose behind proprioceptive training?

A

Patient needs to re-learn how to use its limbs correctly

35
Q

What does proprioceptive training include?

A

Weight shifting, manual unloading of one limb, balance boards, exercise balls and rolls, gait training, leash walking, inclines and declines, change of surface, stair climbing, treadmill walking, dancing, wheelbarrowing, sit to stand, down to stand, horizontal bars, pole weaving and encouragement of weightbearing

36
Q

Why can hydrotherapy be better than land based exercise?

A

Load spread so less detrimental and animals work harder than on land

37
Q

What are different forms of hydrotherapy?

A

Free swimming, assisted swimming, under water treadmill, walking in water

38
Q

What aids can be used in hydrotherapy?

A

Floatation jackets, individual limb floats, cranes and ramps

Important that the limb makes a full proper gait cycle

Locomotor (17 decks)

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