2a) Understand Organsation Structures

Question 1

Explain the functional organisation structure?

Answer 1

•A permanent structure used for routine, operational work.

•Staff are grouped by specialism (e.g. HR, Finance, Engineering).

•Individuals report to a single functional (line) manager.

•Communication is simple and hierarchical.

•Tasks are usually repetitive and aligned to individual capability.

Question 2

Name strengths of the functional organsation structure?

Answer 2

Strengths:

•Clear communication via line management

•Stable team environment for routine tasks

•Efficient use of specialist skills

•Suitable if project work is limited or internal to one function

Question 3

Name limitations of the functional organisation structure?

Answer 3

Limitations:

•Poor integration across functions

•Limited project visibility and customer focus

•Inhibits general management skill development

•Slower to respond to change

•Typically lacks dedicated project management experience

Question 4

Explain the matrix organisation structure?

Answer 4

•A temporary structure commonly used for projects.

•Staff report to both a functional manager and a project manager (dual reporting).

•Provides a mix of skilled resources drawn from departments.

•Balances project and business-as-usual (BAU) needs.

•Can be structured as weak, balanced, or strong matrix depending on authority levels.

Question 5

Name strengths of the matrix organisation structure?

Answer 5

Strengths:

•Shares skilled resources across projects

•Balances authority between functional and project needs

•Good integration of business-as-usual and projects

•Encourages collaboration between departments

•Flexible and cost-effective

Question 6

Name limitations of the matrix organisation structure?

Answer 6

Limitations:

•Dual reporting can lead to confusion

• More complex communication

•Potential for conflict between project and line managers

•Resource allocation issues may arise

•Project managers may feel underpowered

Question 7

Explain the project organisation structure?

Answer 7

•A temporary structure created to deliver a specific project.

•Staff are fully dedicated to the project team.

•The project manager has full authority over the team and resources.

•Encourages cross-functional integration and clear accountability.

•Disbands once the project is complete.

Question 8

Name m strengths of the project organisation structure?

Answer 8

Strengths:

•Strong focus and commitment to project success

•High autonomy and ownership

•Clear roles and informal communication possible

•Excellent for large, strategic projects
•Allows integration of multiple disciplines

Question 9

Name limitations of the project organisation structure?

Answer 9

Limitations:

•Can disrupt existing permanent teams

•Higher costs due to possible resource duplication

•Team members may lack job security

•Risk of groupthink and end-of-project disengagement

•Lessons learned may be poorly shared across the organisation