2a.3 - New materials and Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Why do smart materials have weird properties?

A

They behave differently depending on the condtions

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2
Q

What is nitinol?

A

A memory shape alloy

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3
Q

How does nitinol work? (2)

A
  • When it’s cool you can bend it but if you bend it too far it will stay like that.
  • If it is heated above a certain temperature it goes back to a remembered shape
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4
Q

How big are nanoparticles?

A

1 - 100 nanometres across

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5
Q

What is a fullerene? (3)

A
  • Molecules of carbon, shaped like hollow balls or closed tubes
  • They are arranged in hexagonal rings
  • Different fullerenes contain different numbers of carbon atoms
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6
Q

What can fullerenes be joined together to make?

A

Nanotubes

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7
Q

What is a nanotube?

A

Fullerenes joined together

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8
Q

How strong are Carbon nanotubes?

A

Very Strong

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9
Q

What can nanomaterials be used to make? (4)

A
  • Catalysts - huge surface are to volume ratio
  • Sensors - To detect one type of molecule
  • Building materials - Stronger and lighter
  • New cosmetics - Don’t leave white marks
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10
Q

What are weak polymers called?

A

Thermosoftening polymers

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11
Q

What are the features of a thermosoftening polymer? (4)

A
  • No cross-links
  • Easily melted
  • When cools hardens into a new shape
  • Can be melted and remoulded many times
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12
Q

What are strong polymers called?

A

Thermosetting polymers

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13
Q

What are the features of thermosetting polymers? (4)

A
  • Cross-links
  • Solid structure
  • Doesn’t soften when heated
  • Strong,hard and ridgid
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14
Q

What will affect the properties of polymers?

A

Starting materials and reacting conditions

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15
Q

How is low density polyethene made?

A

Heating ethene to about 200C under high pressure

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16
Q

How is high density polyethene made?

A

Made with a lower temperature and pressure (with a catalyst)