2B Organelles Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is an organelle?
A cellular structure that performs specific functions
What is cytoplasm?
The cytosol and organelles inside the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus
What are Rough endoplasmic reticulums?
A membranous chain of connected and flattened sacs that are coated with ribosomes.
It allows for the RER to synthesise and modify proteins
What is Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A membranous chain of connected and flattened sacs that are NOT coated with ribosomes.
It is responsible for the production of lipids in a cell
What is Golgi apparatus?
Stacked flattened sacs that are the sites of protein sorting, packaging and modification for use in the cell or export..
What is lysosome?
A membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive enzymes.
It is responsible for breaking down call waste and toxins
What is the mitochondrion?
An organelle with a highly folded inner membrane surrounded by a second outer membrane.
It is the site of aerobic cellular respiration, a chemical reaction that produces the ATP required to power cellular processes.
What is chloroplast?
A double membrane-bound organelle that contains flattened, fluid-filled sacs that are the site of photosynthesis
What is a vacuole?
A membrane-bound sac that is used for water and solute storage, it also plays a role in maintaining plant cell structure
What is a cell wall?
A sturdy border outside the plasma membrane that provides strength and structure to plant, bacterial and fungal cells
What is a vesicle?
A small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances into or out of a call, or stores substances within a cell
What is a cytoskeleton?
A large network of protein filaments that start at the nucleus and reach out to the plasma membrane
What is the equation for aerobic cellular respiraton?
glucose + oxygen —–> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the net equation of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water —sunlight/chlorophyll–> glucose + oxygen
What is photosynthesis?
The process of converting light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen
What are the differences between animal and plant cells?
- A cell wall is present in plant cells but not animal cells
- chloroplasts are present in plant cells but not animal cells
- vacuoles are smaller in animal cells
Why is there a cell wall in plant cells?
Animals have evolved structures like skeletons that provide structural support for the organism
Why are chloroplasts not found in animal cells?
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, which is how plants source glucose for energy
