2c - RFOP Genetics

Question 1

Human genome - :
How many genes are there?
how do our genes vary?
What makes us different ?

Answer 1

• about 20000 genes in human genome
• roughly we’re same in 99.9%
• SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphs) make us different
• SOME SNPs ARE FUNCTIONAL (change the coded protein) OR INFLUENCE THE ACTIVITY OF THE GENE PROMOTER

Question 2

1
What is heritability of a disease

2
why is it important to quantify?

3 how do determine heritability of a disease?

Answer 2

Question 3

How much is periodontitis affected by genetics?

Answer 3

Question 4

1 - What are the two ways we inherit diseases?

2 - For periodontitis - which way is more common?

Answer 4

2 -
A FEW CASES: occur as a single-gene defects

GREAT MAJORITY OF CASES: have a polygenic susceptibility profile (combination of predisposing genes with environmental factors and bacteria)

Question 5

Genetic periodontitis
What is single gene defects associated with
Polygenic?

Answer 5

Answer 6

Question 7

What can exposure of host to pathogen lead to?

What are the 3 ways a host can respond to a pathogen ?

Answer 7

• Resistance
• Sub-clinical infection
• Infection (mild to severe)

Question 8

What is PERIODONTAL INFECTOGENOMICS?

Answer 8

Study of the effect of host genetic variants on the composition of the sub gingival microbiota

Question 9

What is genetic dysbiosis?

Answer 9

Shift in composition of biofilm due to host genetic variants

(Thus meaning host genetics has an impact on biofilmComposition)

Question 10

Epigenetics (DON’T NEED TO GO INTO DETAIL CAN SKIP)

Answer 10

• epigenetics is organisation of what genes switch on and off
• can have certain genetic makeup but important how genes activate and switch on and off - can affect heredibility to disease

Question 11

How can we use the knowledge we have about genetics in clinic to further research

Answer 11

Question 12

13 minutes onward (ignore???)

Answer 12

Question 13

13 minutes onward (ignore???)

Answer 13

• need more research to be able to use this information in clinic

Question 14

Do we know what genetic variants affect the response to periodontal treatment?

Answer 14

• not really - very little evidence

Question 15

What type of genetic background does periodontitis have?
Can we use genetic testing and is it used regularly/?
What are most cases of periodontitis/?
Do we do different treatments for different genotypes

Answer 15

Question 16

Objectives answers summary

Answer 16