2c- Thermidorean Reaction and Directory Flashcards

(14 cards)

1
Q

When and what was Germinal?

A

April 1795, a 10,000 strong rising. Reaction to inflation (end to price controls), poor harvest. Disrupts debate. Withdraw peacefully.

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2
Q

When and what was Prairial?

A

May 1795, armed. A Nat. Con. deputy killed. Decisive army intervention. Workers divided: 42 condemned to death. (End of sans-culotte power.)

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3
Q

What three things provoked the VENDEMIAIRE RISING?

A

Verona declaration (Comte de provenance) to reverse Rev. gains. Law of 2/3rds. Inflation and food shortages.

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4
Q

Impact of VENDEMIAIRE?

A

25,000 strong crowd: Directory reliance on Napoleon, ‘general vendeimiaire’, who appears strong and able.

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5
Q

Causes and outcomes of the coup of FRUCTIDOR, September 1797?

A

Monarchists won 180/260 contested seats (losing support of richer North). Army arrest 53 deputies, 2 directors (Carnot and Barthelemy) and cancel other elections. Directors more united, blow to royalism, shows despotism.

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6
Q

Causes and outcomes of the coup of FLOREAL, 1798?

A

Neo Jacobin revival. Annul election of 127 deputies (86 suspected Jacobins), and chose replacements.

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7
Q

Two military laws and their impact, 1798 to 1799?

A

Jourdan law, 1798, reintroduces conscription. Levee en masse, 1799, all men 20-25. Only 74,000 (of 230,000) reach the armies.

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8
Q

Economic overview of the Directory?

A

Inflation 1795-97 (unpopular with workers). Deflation 1797-99 (unpopular with bourgeoisie).

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9
Q

Outline the 1797 economic changes within the Directory.

A

The Assignat (at 1% of face value) is rejected in favour of bonds by Ravel. Deflation begins.

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10
Q

Two tax reforms

A

Land tax (direct), Octrois (ancien regime)

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11
Q

Three Constitutional weaknesses

A
  1. Yearly elections 2. Anciens can only approve/veto, not change bills. 3. Directory have no power over treasury.
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12
Q

What happened at the 1799 election, and why?

A

Only 66/187 government candidates returned due to unpopularity of Military laws.

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13
Q

3 general social reforms under the Directory?

A

Freedom of religion, abolished Rev Tribunal and Jacobin club, released Parisian suspects from prison.

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14
Q

3 examples of Terror

A
  1. Jeunessé dorée, Parisian youth, attack revolutionaries. 2. Vendee guerilla war (Chouan region), Hoché kills 700. 3. Virtual civil war in the Ardêche.
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