2C Vocab

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or from another part

Question 2

Adduction

Answer 2

movement towards the mid-line of the body - also applies to movements inwards and across the body. That is, movement of the right arm inwards (so to the left) towards or even past the center of the body would be adduction of the right arm

Question 3

Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS)

Answer 3

A medical evaluation to determine and communicate the degree of specific types of agitation present in patient and their ability to be redirected. A score of 15 is very appropriate, in the late 20’s start to indicate a severe behavior problem.

Question 4

Anoxia

Answer 4

Damage caused by lack of oxygen to the brain.

Question 5

Aphasia

Answer 5

loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.

Question 6

Wernicke Aphasia

Answer 6

Impaired ability to understand verbal communication

Question 7

Brocca Aphasia

Answer 7

Impaired ability to produce meaningful verbal communication

Question 8

Global Aphasia

Answer 8

Impaired ability to produce and understand verbal communication

Question 9

Apraxia

Answer 9

inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage. BE AWARE OF SUBSETS

Question 10

Ataxia

Answer 10

Reduced or lack of control of body movement. May look very jerky but with the general direction a person wanted to move.

Question 11

Bone Flap

Answer 11

portion of cranium removed and either is stored somewhere else temporarily until it is reattached, or discarded (cannot be used due to extenuating circumstances).

Question 12

Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)

Answer 12

another name for a stroke. It is damage to the brain caused by a disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain. This disruption of blood supply can be caused by a blood clot, or by a ruptured artery.

Question 13

Contracture

Answer 13

a condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints

Question 14

Communication Board

Answer 14

A communication board is a board with symbols or pictures attached that is used to facilitate communication for patients with limited expressive language ability. Patients communicate using the board by pointing and gesturing or gazing at the various symbols and pictures.

Question 15

Cognition

Answer 15

the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Question 16

Craniectomy

Answer 16

A procedure that removals a bone flap, and is not returned to its location after the procedure is finished. This may be due to trauma to the bone itself, because the brain is too swollen to permit the return of the bone flap, or because the surgeon feels it is in the patient’s best interest.

Question 17

Cranioplasty

Answer 17

Plastic surgery of the skull; a surgical correction of a skull defect.

Question 18

Visual Field Cut

Answer 18

Not visually perceiving information in a specific area of the visual field

Question 19

Vestibular System

Answer 19

a complex system of the inner ear that functions in mediating the vestibular sense. How you get your sense of balance.

Question 20

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Answer 20

An injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head that results in cognitive or physical impairment that can be short or long term

Question 21

Vertigo

Answer 21

spinning form of feeling dizzy

Question 22

CT Scan

Answer 22

A computerized tomography (CT) scan combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images, or slices, of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside your body. CT scan images provide more detailed information than plain X-rays do.

Question 23

Diplopia

Answer 23

Double vision

Question 24

Distal

Answer 24

situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment

Question 25

Tone

Answer 25

normal degree of vigor and tension; in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch; tonus.

Question 26

Tachycardia

Answer 26

A rapid heart rate, usually defined as greater than 100 beats per minute.

Question 27

Proximal

Answer 27

nearest to a point of reference, as to a center or median line or to the point of attachment or origin.

Question 28

Proprioception

Answer 28

A sense or perception, usually at a subconscious level, of the movements and position of the body and especially its limbs, independent of vision; this sense is gained primarily from input from sensory nerve terminals in muscles and tendons (muscle spindles) and the fibrous capsule of joints combined with input from the vestibular apparatus.

Question 29

Dysphagia

Answer 29

difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease.

Question 30

Dysarthria

Answer 30

difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal.

Question 31

Echolalia

Answer 31

meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words as a symptom of psychiatric disorder

Question 32

Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)

Answer 32

a period of amnesia between a brain injury resulting in memory loss and the point at which the functions concerned with memory are restored.

Question 33

Perseveration

Answer 33

the inappropriate persistence or repetition of a thought or action after the causative stimulus has ceased or in response to different stimuli; for example, a patient answers a question correctly but incorrectly gives the same answer to succeeding questions. Perseveration is most often associated with brain lesions but is also seen in schizophrenia.

Question 34

Edema

Answer 34

a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.

Question 35

Encephalopathy

Answer 35

a disease in which the functioning of the brain is affected by some agent or condition (such as viral infection or toxins in the blood).

Question 36

Flaccid

Answer 36

Lack of muscle tone or contracture due to muscle weakness or paralysis. Results in the affected body part hanging limply.

Question 37

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 37

a fall in blood pressure associated with an upright position, usually occurring as a result of standing still for a long time or rising from a prolonged stay in bed and often causing faintness, dizziness, and vision disturbances.

Question 38

O-Log (Orientation Log)

Answer 38

An evaluation tool used to measure a patient’s orientation to time, place, and situation.

Question 39

Neglect

Answer 39

state in which there is a lack of awareness and attention to one side of the body.

Question 40

Lability

Answer 40

in psychiatry, emotional instability; rapidly changing emotions. e.g. laughing or crying at inappropriate times, or crying when someone says something like “the weather is nice” but not due to sadness or depression.

Question 41

Frazier Free Water Protocol

Answer 41

A protocol assigned to patients with dysphagia who, after oral care, may be given AND offered water frequently. This is to increase hydration which is connected to decreased lethargy and increased immunity. Tap water does not cause aspiration pneumonia, but due to bacteria levels, oral care must be done before pt can start Free Water Protocol.

Question 42

Gastronomy tube (G-tube)

Answer 42

A tube placed directly into the stomach for long-term enteral feeding or gastric decompression.

Question 43

Glasgow Coma Scale:

Answer 43

A medical scale to objectively measure a person’s state of consciousness or awareness. 3 is the lowest and 15 is normal functioning.

Question 44

Hematoma

Answer 44

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

Question 45

Hemiparesis

Answer 45

weakness in one side of the body

Question 46

Hemiplegia

Answer 46

paralysis of one side of the body

Question 47

Impulsivity

Answer 47

Impulsivity has been variously defined as behavior without adequate thought, the tendency to act with less forethought than do most individuals of equal ability and knowledge, or a predisposition toward rapid, unplanned reactions to internal or external stimuli without regard to the negative consequences of these reactions

Question 48

Hypertension (HTN)

Answer 48

abnormally high blood pressure.

Question 49

Hydrocephalus

Answer 49

the buildup of fluid in the cavities (ventricles) deep within the brain. The excess fluid increases the size of the ventricles and puts pressure on the brain.

Question 50

Hemorrhage

Answer 50

an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, especially when profuse

Question 51

Left Hemisphere

Answer 51

Verbal and analytical

Question 52

Right Hemisphere

Answer 52

Nonverbal and intuitive

Question 53

What are the 3 main jobs of the occipital lobe?

Answer 53

Visual perception visual processing reading (the perception and recognition of printed words)

Question 54

What are the 8 functions of the parietal lobe?

Answer 54

``` Tactile perception (touch) spatial orientation awareness of body parts academic skills object naming right/left organization visual attention eye-hand coordination ```

Question 55

What are the 9 functions of the Temporal Lobe?

Answer 55

``` Short-term memory receptive language language comprehension musical awareness selective attention object categorization locating objects face recognition behavior (aggressive) ```

Question 56

What are the 12 functions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 56

``` attention motivation emotional, social, sexual control verbal expression judgment spontaneity problem solving decision making expressive language motor integration voluntary movement sequencing ```

Question 57

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 57

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.

Question 58

What are the 5 functions controlled by the cerebellum?

Answer 58

``` Coordination of voluntary movements Gross and fine motor coordination postural control balance and equilibrium eye movement ```

Question 59

What are the 5 functions controlled by the brainstem?

Answer 59

``` Autonomic nervous system (heart rate, breathing, temperature, etc) Level of alertness Arousal and sleep regulation Swallowing food and fluid Balance and movement ```