2h Flashcards
Composition of the blood
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
Plasma
- Liquid part of the blood.
- Carries: blood cells, dissolved nutrients, hormones & CO2
- Distributes heat
Red blood cell function
Transports oxygen in haemoglobin around the body.
Adaptations of red blood cells
- Full of haemoglobin
- No nucleus
- High SA : Vol
- Biconcave shape
- Thin Cells
Lymphocytes
Produce antibodies to destroy specific pathogens through memory cells.
Phagocytes
Digests and destroy bacteria and other microgranisms that have infected the body by surrounding them (phagocytosis).
Plateletes
Release chemicals to make the blood clot when we cut ourselves
How to achieve artificial inmunity
With vaccination
Artery
- From heart to body
- Highest pressure
- Oxygenated (mostly)
- No valves
- Small lumen
- Thick wall
Vein
- From body to heart
- Low pressure
- Deoxygenated (mostly)
- Has valves
- Large lumen
- Thin wall
Capillary
- Inside organs / tissues
- Medium pressure
- Carries oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
- No valves
- Tini lumen (one cell thick)
- One cell thick walls
Factors and consequences for developing coronary heart disease
- Smoking: Reduces oxygen in blood
- High fat diet: Oxygen insufficiency
- Lack of exercise: Muscle cells can’t respond
- Stress: Muscle cells die
- Genetics: Heart attack
Heart rate during exercise
- Heart rate changes during exercise to provide the heart with more oxygen for aerobic respiration. It increases to increase oxygen supply.
- Heart rate and blood volume increases
- Adrenaline increases heart rate
Parts of the ciruclatory system
Blood vessels, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys
Structure of the heart
It is a muscle with four main parts:
- The left and right atrium, the left and right ventricle.
- Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava.
- The right atrium contracts and blood is propelled to the right ventricle through the atrioventricular valves.
- The right ventricile contracts and propelles deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery through a semi-lunar valve.
- Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein.
- The left atrium contracts and blood is propelled to the left ventricle through the atrioventricular valves.
- The left ventricle contracts and proplelles oxygenated blood to the aorta through a semi-lunar valve.
