2h - Human transport + immunity

Question 1

What are the four main components of blood?

Answer 1

• Plasma
• platelets
• red blood cells
• white blood cells

Question 2

How are red blood cells adapted to their function?

Answer 2

• Biconcave shape
• no nucleus
• contain haemoglobin

Question 3

What is the function of red blood cells

Answer 3

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body

Question 4

What do platelets release at a wound site?

Answer 4

Clotting factors

Question 5

Which enzyme is activated by the clotting factors

Answer 5

Thrombin

Question 6

What is the function of thrombin

Answer 6

Catalyses the conversion of the soluble fibrinogen into fibrin

Question 7

What is the function of fibrin

Answer 7

Binds together platelets and blood cells to form a blood clot

Question 8

What are the three different types of blood vessel

Answer 8

Arteries veins and capillaries

Question 9

What is the function of the arteries

Answer 9

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body organs

Question 10

What is the function of the veins

Answer 10

Carry deoxygenated blood from the organs back to the heart

Question 11

What is the blood pressure in the arteries like

Answer 11

High pressure

Question 12

What is the blood pressure in the veins like

Answer 12

Low pressure

Question 13

What is in the walls of the arteries

Answer 13

Elastic tissue and thick muscle

Question 14

Are the walls and veins thick or thin

Answer 14

Thin

Question 15

Do veins contain lots of elastic tissue and muscle, or only a bit

Answer 15

Only a bit

Question 16

Do veins have a large or small lumen

Answer 16

Large

Question 17

What do veins contain which prevent the back flow

Answer 17

Valves

Question 18

What is the function of capillaries

Answer 18

• Carry blood close to every cell in the organs
• transfer substances between the cells
• supply food and oxygen and takeaway waste

Question 19

What are the properties of capillaries

Answer 19

• Very tiny

- thin walls

Question 20

What are the two main types of circulatory systems

Answer 20

Single and double

Question 21

What is a single circulatory system

Answer 21

Blood is pumped from the heart to the gas exchange organ and then directly to the rest of the body

Question 22

What is a double circulatory system

Answer 22

Blood is pumped from the heart to the gas exchange organ back to the heart and then to the rest of the body

Question 23

What is a double circulatory system made up of

Answer 23

Pulmonary and systemic

Question 24

is pulmonary oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 24

Deoxygenated blood

Question 25

What is systemic

Answer 25

Oxygenated blood

Question 26

Why is it important to have a double circulatory system

Answer 26

- Keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate - prevents damage - pumps blood more quickly

Question 27

Why do multicellular organisms need to have a circulatory system

Answer 27

Has less surface area available for substances to diffuse quickly enough to meet cell requirements

Question 28

What is phagocytosis

Answer 28

When phagocytes detect pathogens and ingest them

Question 29

What is the function of the lymphocytes

Answer 29

- Destroys pathogen by developing memory cells | - detecting antigens on the surface of pathogen

Question 30

Are phagocytes specific or non-specific

Answer 30

Non-specific

Question 31

Are lymphocytes specific or non-specific

Answer 31

Specific

Question 32

What are the four different types of immunity

Answer 32

- Active - passive - natural - artificial

Question 33

Which is faster the primary or secondary immune response

Answer 33

Secondary

Question 34

Is active immunity long-term or short-term

Answer 34

Long term

Question 35

Is passive immunity long-term or short-term

Answer 35

Short term

Question 36

What is an example of artificial immunity

Answer 36

Vaccination

Question 37

Pulmonary =

Answer 37

Lungs

Question 38

Hepatic =

Answer 38

Liver

Question 39

Renal =

Answer 39

Kidneys

Question 40

What is plaque made up from?

Answer 40

A build up of cholesterol and white blood cells

Question 41

What happens if a coronary artery becomes blocked with plaque?

Answer 41

It loses its elasticity and the flow of blood through the arteries is reduced

Question 42

What does a partial artery blockage cause?

Answer 42

Angina

Question 43

What does a complete artery blockage cause?

Answer 43

Heart attack

Question 44

What are venules?

Answer 44

Narrow vessels which connect capillaries to veins

Question 45

What are arterioles?

Answer 45

Narrow vessels which connect arteries to capillaries

Question 46

Whats the function of the semi lunar valves?

Answer 46

Stops the backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles

Question 47

What’s the function of plasma?

Answer 47

- carries blood cells around the body - carries co2 + urea + nutrients + hormones - distributes heat in body