2nd Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Steel vs Iron?

Answer 1

all of iron impurities are blown away with hot air and more sturdy. Stronger and cheaper

Question 2

A process developed in the late 1850s that led to faster, cheaper steel production

Answer 2

Bessemer Process

Question 3

Henry Ford

Answer 3

Founder of Ford Motor Company, he created the moving assembly line and is often credited with helping to create a middle class in American culture.

Question 4

Thomas Edison and his goals

Answer 4

American inventor of over 1,000 patents, he invented the light bulb and established a power plant that supplied electricity to parts of New York City. Wanted to make things that would be useful to people

Question 5

Andrew Carneige

Answer 5

American industrialist and humanitarian, he focused his attention on steelmaking and made a fortune through his vertical integration method. bought all of his competitors

Question 6

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 6

American industrialist and philanthropist, he made a fortune in the oil business and used vertical and horizontal integration to establish a monopoly on the steel business. created trusts

Question 7

Social Darwinism

Answer 7

a view of society based on scientist Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Social Darwinists thought that Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory decided which human beings would succeed in business and in life in general.

Question 8

Fredrick W. Taylor

Answer 8

American efficiency engineer, he introduced the manufacturing system known as scientific management that viewed workers as mechanical parts of the production process, not as human beings.

Question 9

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Answer 9

and Wilbur (1867–1912) American pioneers of aviation, they went from experiments with kites and gliders to piloting the first successful gas-powered airplane flight and later founded the American Wright Company to manufacture airplanes.

Question 10

Vertical Integration

Answer 10

the business practice of owning all of the businesses involved in each step of a manufacturing process

Question 11

Horizontal Integration

Answer 11

owning all the businesses in a certain field

Question 12

Trusts

Answer 12

a number of companies legally grouped under a single board of directors

Question 13

Monopolies

Answer 13

the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.

Question 14

Sherman Anti-trust Act

Answer 14

a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade

Question 15

Assembly Lines

Answer 15

an innovation of Henry Ford’s that dramatically reduced the cost of production

Question 16

interchangeable parts

Answer 16

Interchangeable parts are parts that are identical for practical purposes. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. One such part can freely replace another, without any custom fitting, such as filing.

Question 17

Specialization

Answer 17

the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill.

Question 18

Knights Of Labor

Answer 18

secret society that became the first truly national labor union in the United States, accepted african-americans, women, and unskilled workers

Question 19

American Federation of Labor

Answer 19

an organization that united skilled workers into national unions for specific industries

Question 20

strikes

Answer 20

Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. form of protest

Question 21

collective bargaining

Answer 21

a technique used by labor unions in which workers act collectively to change working conditions or wages

Question 22

Pullman Strike

Answer 22

a railroad strike that ended when President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops

Question 23

Haymarket Riot

Answer 23

a riot that broke out at Haymarket Square in Chicago over the deaths of two strikers

Question 24

Corporations

Answer 24

buisnesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares

Question 25

Stocks

Answer 25

the ownership of a fraction of the issuing corporation.

Question 26

Homestead strike

Answer 26

The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike, Homestead massacre, or Battle of Homestead, was an industrial lockout and strike culminating in a battle in which strikers defeated private security agents