2nd Notes

Question 1

It maintains that criminal behavior was believed to be the result of evil spirits and demons something of natural force that controls his/her behavior

Answer 1

Demonological Theory

Question 2

This school of thought is based on the assumption that individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences of their actions

Answer 2

Classical School

Question 3

Purpose of imposing punishment in classical School

Answer 3

Retribution

Question 4

Italian philosopher and politician best known for his treatise “Del Delitti e Delle Pene” or On Crimes and Punishments” in 1764,which condemned torture and the death penalty and was a founding work in the field of criminology.

Answer 4

Cesare Beccaria

Question 5

According to him, Man is fundamentally a biological organism with intelligence and rationality that control his behavior

Answer 5

Cesare Beccaria

Question 6

Beccaria’s calls for judicial reform resulted in the _________ becoming the first Italian state to abolish the death penalty

Answer 6

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Question 7

He advocated utilitarianism and fair treatment of animals that influenced the development of liberalism.

Answer 7

Jeremy Bentham

Question 8

assumes that all our actions are calculated in accordance with their likelihood of bringing pleasure and pain

Answer 8

Utilitarianism

Question 9

He designed the panopticon prison

Answer 9

Jeremy Bentham

Question 10

an institutional building designed by Bentham and the concept of the design is to allow an observer to observe (-opticon) all (pan-) prisoners without the prisoners being able to tell if they are being observed or not, thus conveying a “sentiment of an invisible omniscience.

Answer 10

Panopticon Prison

Question 11

He reasoned that in order to deter Individuals from committing crimes, the punishment, or pain,must be greater than the satisfaction or pleasure he would gain from commiting the Crime

Answer 11

Jeremy Bentham

Question 12

This school accepted the fact that crime is committed in accordance with the free will of man BUT the act of committing a crime is modified by some causes that finally prevail upon the person to commit crimes

Answer 12

Neo - Classical School

Question 13

Father of Sociology

Answer 13

August Comte

Question 14

Those who follow the work of August Comte are called______

Answer 14

The Positivist

Question 15

the first to claim the importance of looking at individual difference among criminals

Answer 15

Positive theorists

Question 16

This school of thought presumes that criminal behavior is caused by internal and external factors outside of the individual’s control

Answer 16

Positivist or Italian School

Question 17

Positivism can be broken up into three segments which include:______,_______,_______

Answer 17

Biological Positivism
Psychological Positivism
Social Positivism

Question 18

It includes the study of the following theories in relation to criminality: criminal anthropology, phrenology, physiognomy, heredity and other similar theories

Answer 18

Biological Positivism

Question 19

It relates criminality through the study of the following theories: psychodynamics/psychoanalytical theory, behavioral learning theories, and cognitive learning theories

Answer 19

Psychological Positivism

Question 20

It relates criminality through the study of the following theories: social disorganization theory, Chicago School theory and anomie theory.

Answer 20

Social Positivism

Question 21

He was an Italian criminologist and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology.

Answer 21

Cesare Lombroso

Question 22

Father of Criminology

Answer 22

Cesare Lombroso

Question 23

He believed that criminality was inherited and that criminals could be identified by physical defects that confirmed them as being atavistic or savage

Answer 23

Cesare Lombroso

Question 24

Year when Lombroso wrote a book entitled “The Criminal Man”

Answer 24

1876

Question 25

He claimed that criminals are distinguishable from non-criminals due to the presence of atavistic stigmata

Answer 25

Cesare Lombroso

Question 26

the physical features of creatures at an earlier stage of development.

Answer 26

Atavistic Stigmata (Atavistic Anomalies)

Question 27

FOUR CATEGORIES OF CRIMINALS (According to Lombroso)

Answer 27

1. Born Criminals 2. Insane Criminals 3. Occasional criminals or Criminaloids 4. Criminal of passion

Question 28

According to Lombroso, they are people with atavistic characteristics

Answer 28

Born Criminals

Question 29

According to Lombroso, this criminals include idiots, imbeciles, and paranoiacs as well as epileptics and alcoholics.

Answer 29

Insane Criminals

Question 30

These are criminals whose crimes are explained primarily by opportunity, although they have too innate traits that predispose them to criminality

Answer 30

Occasional Criminals or Criminaloids

Question 31

This criminals who commit crimes because of anger, love and honor and are characterized by being propelled to crime by an "irresistible force

Answer 31

Criminal of Passion

Question 32

Believed that social as well as biological factors played a role, and held the view that criminals should not be held responsible for the factors causing their criminality were beyond their control.

Answer 32

Enrico Ferri

Question 33

He argued that criminal behavior could be explained by studying the interaction of a range of factors

Answer 33

Enrico Ferri

Question 34

He argued that crime could be controlled by "social changes."

Answer 34

Enrico Ferri

Question 35

He traced the roots of criminal behavior not on physical features but in their psychological equivalents which he called "moral anomalies"

Answer 35

Raffaele Garofalo

Question 36

_________ remembered for his pursuit of practical solutions to concrete problems located in the legal institutions and for his doctrine of "natural crimes" and were considered offenses violating the two basic altruistic sentiments common to all people. namely, probity and pity

Answer 36

Raffaele Garofalo

Question 37

TYPES OF CRIMINAL by Garofalo

Answer 37

1. Murderer 2. Violent Criminals 3. Deficient Criminals 4. Lascivious Criminals

Question 38

This refers to a criminal who kills another person and is satisfied from vengeance or revenge

Answer 38

Murderer

Question 39

This type of criminal totally lacks both pity and probity and kill whenever opportunity arises

Answer 39

Murderer

Question 40

This criminal lacks pity and can be influenced by environmental factors such as consumption of alcohol or the fact that criminality is endemic to criminal s particular population.

Answer 40

Violent Criminals

Question 41

It refers to a person who commits crime against property like thieves and robbers.

Answer 41

Deficient Criminals

Question 42

It refers to a person who commits crime against chastity like acts of lasciviousness, seduction, adultery and the like.

Answer 42

Lascivious Criminals