2nd Prio Dx Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
communicable dx considered to be of socioeconomic and public health importance; significant in int’l trade
A
2nd prio dx
2
Q
T/F: 2nd prio dx has a potential of serious and rapid spread
A
F - 1st prio
3
Q
Amendment
A
DA AO No 17 2004
4
Q
other term for blackleg
A
clostridial myositis, true blackleg, black quarter dx
5
Q
manifestation of blackleg
A
hind quarter lesions (black quarter dx)
6
Q
blackleg exhibits ________________ in 2 mo - 2 y/o
A
necrotizing myositis
7
Q
T/F: blackleg is a chronic febrile dx of cattle and sheep
A
F - acute
8
Q
etiologic agent of true blackleg
A
C. chauvoei
9
Q
etiologic agent of false blackleg or malignant edema
A
C. septicum and C. novyi (secondary)
10
Q
T/F: Clostridium is G(+), spore-forming, soil-borne
A
T
11
Q
CFR of blackleg
A
100%
12
Q
T/F: blackleg is more common in cattle than sheep
A
F - more common in sheep
13
Q
T/F: blackleg in cattle is usually endogenous infxn
A
T
14
Q
fast and reliable diagnostic test for blackleg
A
FAT (fluorescent Ab test)
15
Q
1st antibiotic of choice for blackleg
A
penicillin
16
Q
primary source of re-infxn of a herd w/ blackleg
A
animals dying of blackleg
17
Q
etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis
A
- A. marginale
- A. centrale - mild clinical signs; used for prep of live vax against A. marginale
18
Q
primary source of infxn of bovine anaplasmosis
A
blood transmission
19
Q
w/c is more tick-resistant? inducus (tropic [+] hump) or taurus (temperate [-] hump)
A
indicus
20
Q
w/c is more susceptible to tabanids? black, red, or white coat breeds
A
black/red
21
Q
T/F: dairy breed has greater risk of anaplasmosis transmission than meat breed because of mgt protocols
A
T
22
Q
T/F: young calves are more susceptible to anaplasmosis infxn than older cattle
A
F - less (old>young)
*<1-2 y/o: mild or moderate
23
Q
T/F: young calves develop immunity in enzootic areas
A
T
24
Q
T/F: clinical dx is rare in enzootic areas
A
T
25
w/c dx does not cause affected cattle to produce red urine or hematuria or hemoglobinuria
anaplasmosis
26
standard serologic test for anapasmosis
IFA (indirect immunofluorescence Ab assay)
27
anaplasmosis tx
tetra, imidocarb, estradiol cypionate, blood transfusion
28
other term for bovine babesiosis
redwater fever or cattle fever
29
state w/in clinical dx occurs rarely or not at all
endemic stability
30
T/F: complete tick elimination is not practical
T (so natural vax will be achieved)
31
most common piroplasms in PH
B. bovis and B. bigemina
32
w/c is more virulent? B. bovis or B. bigemina
bovis (coz it causes neurologic problems)
33
tx for bovine babesiosis
imidocarb, diminazene aceturate
34
T/F: bovine TB produces secondary caseous nodules
F - primary
35
T/F: reverse zoonotic is possible in bovine TB
T
36
other sources of bovine TB infxn (animal)
dog, cat
37
T/F: drinking milk from cattle infected w/ TB is safe
F - pasteurized milk (pasteurization temp kill tubercle bacilli)
38
primary MOT of TB
inhalation (#1 cause of mortality)
39
etiologic agent of bovine TB
1. M. bovis (#1): ingestion of milk for humans; inhalation in animals
2. M. tuberculosis
40
color of intestine and carcass of animals infected with TB
1. cattle - yellow
2. buffalo - white
3. others - gray
41
TB test where you inject tuberculin PPD and detect swelling
SID (single intradermal test)
42
type of hypersensitivity of SID
type IV or delayed (48-96 hr)
43
T/F: max sensitivity is observed in the tail; max specificity is observed in the neck
F - baliktad
44
T/F: SID cannot differentiate M. bovis/tuberculosis/avium
T
45
TB test where you inject both avian and bovine tuberculin simultaneously
comparative intradermal test
46
type of hypersensitivity of comparative intradermal test
type IV or delayed (72 hr)
47
#1 option for herd infected with TB
test and slaughter (if there is <5% incidence rate)
48
TB vax
Bacille Calmette Guerin vax
49
TB tx
isoniazid (humans and animals)
50
other term for brucellosis
undulant fever (in humans), Mediterranean fever, abortus fever, contagious abortion, Bang's dx, Malta fever
51
characterized by septicemia followed by localization of infxn in the LN and genital organ
brucellosis
52
etiologic agent of brucellosis
(found in placenta)
1. B. abortus - cattle
2. B. melitensis - goat
3. B. ovis - sheep
53
T/F: brucellosis causes abortion in the early-mid stage of pregnancy
F - late (usually 3 mo)
54
T/F: w/c Brucella is not zoonotic
B. ovis
55
Brucella growth factor normally produced by fetus
erythritol
56
source of periodic Brucella infxn in adult nonpregnant cattle
mammary gland
57
gold standard for diagnosis of Brucella
bacterial culture and identification
58
T/F: sexually mature animals are more prone to brucellosis
T
59
T/F: vax program against B. abortus in cattle is effective but vax against B. melitensis in sheep is more difficult
T
60
T/F: Bang's dx risk is higher if the semen is used in AI vs embryo transfer
T
61
protects embryo from viral pathogens
zona pellucida
62
primary cause of undulant fever in humans
ingestion of raw milk
63
T/F: animals recovered from brucellosis are considered reservoirs of the dx
T
64
brucellosis test for large scale screening of sera from buffaloes/carabaos
rose bengal test (positive indicator = solid clotting)
65
best tx for B. abortus
none (unsuccessful due to inability to penetrate cells since Brucella is intracellular; antibiotic resistance)
66
major source of B. ovis infection
male sheep (passive venereal infxn; direct ram-to-ram transfer)
67
B. ovis tx
oxytet, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, culling, vax (B. melitensis strain Rev. 1)
68
Brucella sp w/ high risk of bioterrorism/agroterrorism
B. melitensis (Malta or Mediterranean fever in humans)
69
other term for fasciolosis
liver flukes, hepatic fascioliasis
70
T/F: fasciolosis is zoonotic
T
71
primary source of pasture contamination (fasciolosis)
sheep
72
infective stage of Fasciola for mammal
metacercaria
73
IH of Fasciola
lymnaeid snails
74
infective stage for snails
miracidium
75
Fasciola swimming stage
cercaria
76
low amount of metacercaria = ______ infxn
chronic
77
large amount of metacercaria = _______ infxn
acute
78
F. hepatica = ______ region
cooler
79
most reported Fasciola in PH
F. gigantica
80
caused by young flukes in liver parenchyma
acute hepatic fasciolosis
81
caused by adults in bile ducts
chronic hepatic fasciolosis
82
form of fasciolosis that causes sudden death
acute fasciolosis
83
intermediate form of fasciolosis in sheep
subacute fasciolosis
84
form of fasciolosis that causes wool shedding
chronic fasciolosis
85
T/F: acute fasciolosis causes hypochromic macrocytic anemia
F - normochromic anemia
86
subacute/chronic fasciolosis causes ____________ anemia
hypochromic macrocytic
87
T/F: fecalysis is not recommended in acute fasciolosis
T (flukes are still juvenile; no eggs)
88
etiologic agent of black dx
C. novyi (causes generalized toxemia and hemolysis of blood; spores cause fasciola in liver parenchyma)
89
Fasciolosis tx
1. triclabendazole - all stages
2. albendazole - ovicidal
90
anti-trematode
1. nitroxynil - adult and immature
2. clorsulon, albendazole, rafoxanide, netobimin - adult
3. copper sulfate or sodium pentachlorophenate - snail terminator but hazardous to sheep and humans
91
other term for leptospirosis
Weil's dx, enzootic jaundice, Red water
92
T/F: leptospirosis is zoonotic
T
93
T/F: lepto causes interstitial nephritis in cattle
T
94
golden standard diagnostic test for lepto
MAT (microscopic agglutination test)
95
other term for surra
trypanosomiasis
96
etiologic agent of surra
Trypanosoma evansi (from tabanid and Stomoxys)
97
Trypanosoma sp that attaches to endothelial cells
T. congolense
98
Trypanosoma sp that invades tissues and causes damage
T. brucei, T. vivax
99
w/c causes severe infxn? acute or chronic surra
acute
100
tx for surra
diminazene aceturate, homidium bromide, isometamidium chloride, suramin
101
T/F: not all serovars of Lepto are pathogenic and many are associated w/ a reservoir species in w/c little dx is apparent
T
102
Many serovars are highly prevalent w/in maintenance host populations and persist in the ____ or _______
kidney or genital tract
103
T/F: Leptospira infxn is more common in temperate areas
F - tropic (war and moist environment)
104
T/F: Lepto maintenance hosts typically do not develop significant clinical dx
T (incidental hosts experience severe and acute)
105
best available method to determine infecting serovar
bacterial culture
