2nd Quarter Long Test Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
-was founded by Sigmund Freud. Freud argues that human behavior
is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego. This theory places great emphasis on the role of unconscious psychological
conflicts in shaping behavior and personality.
A
Psychoanalysis
2
Q
Psychoanalysis was founded by _____. He argues that human behavior
is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego. This theory places great emphasis on the role of unconscious psychological
conflicts in shaping behavior and personality.
A
Sigmund Freud
3
Q
three component parts of the mind:
A
the id, ego, and superego.
4
Q
operates at an unconscious level and focuses solely on instinctual drives and desires. (Instincts)
A
The id
5
Q
Two biological instincts make up the id, according to Freud:
A
Eros and Thanatos
6
Q
or the instinct to survive that drives us to engage in life-sustaining activities,
A
Eros
7
Q
or the death instinct that drives destructive, aggressive, and violent behavior.
A
Thanatos
8
Q
acts as both a conduit for and a check on the id, working to meet the id’s needs in a socially appropriate way. It is the most tied to reality and begins to develop in infancy. (Reality)
A
The ego
9
Q
is the only part of the conscious personality. It’s what the person is aware of when they think about themselves and what they usually try to project toward others.
A
The ego
10
Q
is the portion of the mind in which morality and higher principles reside, encouraging us to act in socially and morally acceptable ways. (Morality)
A
Superego
11
Q
incorporates the values and morals of society, which are learned from one’s parents and others. It develops around 3-5 years during the phallic stage of psychosexual development.
A
The superego
12
Q
states that individuals use rational calculations to make rational choices and achieve outcomes that are aligned with their own personal objectives. These results are also associated with an individual’s best or self-interests.
A
Rational Choice Theory
13
Q
This theory states that individuals use their self-interests to make choices that will provide them with the greatest benefit
A
Rational choice theory
14
Q
It is individuals who ultimately take actions. Individuals, as actors in the society and everywhere, behave and act always as rational beings, self-calculating, self- interested and self- maximizing
A
Individualism
15
Q
Individuals choose their actions optimally, given their individuals preferences as well as the opportunities or constraints with which the individual faced.
A
Optimality
16
Q
____and norms that dictate a single course of action are merely special cases of Rational Choice Theory. In other words, the range of choices in other circumstances differs from choices in a strong structural circumstance, where there may be only one choice.
A
Structures
17
Q
It states that the actions of the individual are concerned entirely with his or her own welfare
A
Self-Regarding Interest
18
Q
All individuals act in ways that would benefit them more; every individual is most likely to undertake courses of actions that they perceive to be the best possible.
A
Rationality
19
Q
in the social sciences, an approach that emphasizes the role of institutions. William Richard Scott defines institutions as social structure that has attained a high
degree of resilience it is composed of three institutional pillars:
•cultural
•cognitive, normative and regulative elements that together with associated activities and
•resources provide stability and meaning to social life
A
Institutionalism
20
Q
defines institutions as social structure that has attained a high
degree of resilience it is composed of three institutional pillars:
•cultural
•cognitive, normative and regulative elements that together with associated activities and
•resources provide stability and meaning to social life
A
William Richard Scott
21
Q
Three institutional pillars
A
Cultural Cognitive Institutions
Normative Institutions
Regulative Institutions
22
Q
It guides behavior through deeply entrenched assumptions and conceptions of the “way the world is”.
A
Cultural Cognitive Institutions
23
Q
It guides behavior through social norms of acceptability and morality
A
Normative Institutions
24
Q
It is understood to guide behavior through the force of formal rules and sanctions; Institutions are both formal and informal.
A
Regulative Institutions
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include the written constitution, laws, policies, rights and regulations enforced by official authorities.
Formal institutions
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are (the usually unwritten) social norms, customs or traditions that shape thought and behavior.
Informal institutions
27
is the extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's roles, experiences, interests, chores, and feminist politics in a variety of fields. Feminist theory focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Thermes explored in feminism include discrimination, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, patriarchy and others.
Feminist theory
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explored in feminism include discrimination, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, patriarchy and others.
Thermes
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is a range of social movements, political movements, ideologies that aim
Feminism
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to define, establish and achieved the political, economic, personal and social inequality of the sexes
Feminism
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is concerned with normative belief about the proper roles for and fundamental nature of women and men in human societies. The distinction between sex and gender is central to the concept of gender ideology.
Gender ideology
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acknowledges that men and women are not equal and that gender affects an individuals' living experience. These differences arise from distinction in biology, psychology, and cultural norms. While many factors that explain that sex differentials in mortality and morbidity, a key determinant in gender inequality. It manifests the different ways, such as unequal access to resources, power, education and discrimination and discriminatory socio-cultural practice
Gender inequality
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is the role or behaviour learned by person as appropriate to their gender, determined by the prevailing cultural norms.
Example: girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating and nurturing. Men are generally expected to be strong aggressive, and bold
Gender role
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is a cultural meaning attached to being masculine and feminine, which influences personal identities, examples; man, woman, transgender, intersex, gender queer etc.
Gender
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is biologicaltraits that society associateswith being male andfemale.
Sex
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is a research method use in qualitative research method in the field of education and other human sciences, for example nursing science.
Hermeneutic is oriented in history and relative meanings, and phenomenology according to Edward Husserl sense, it is oriented to universal and absolute essence
Hermeneutical Phenomenology
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Hermeneutic is oriented in history and relative meanings, and phenomenology according to ______sense, it is oriented to universal and absolute essence
Edward Husserl
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is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom, literature, and philosophical text..
is more than interpretative principles on methods we sort to when immediate comprehension fails.
Hermeneutics
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is the study of structure of consciousness as experiences from the first-person point of view. The cultural structure of an experience, is it intentionally, its being directed toward something, as it is an experience of or about some object.
Phenomenology
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System which combines both human and natural components to show complex interactions, and feedback between them, are called human- environment systems.
Human Environment System
41
The most internationally accepted framework for studying such systems is the DPSIR model (drivers, pressures, state, impact, response). This framework for _______ recognizes the human activities which place pressure on the environment and how these pressures modify the current state of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.
Human Environment System
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•has the capacity to interact with its environment.
•and the environment have that mutual interaction with each other.
•have the capacity to change or influence the balance of the society
•always have the capacity to adapt to its environment.
Humans
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is a complex of many variables which surrounds man as well as the living organisms. _____ includes water, air, and land and the interrelationship which exist among that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival
Environment
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it may be described as a complex of interacting components together with the relationships among them that permit the identification of a boundary- maintaining entity or process.
Systems
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•(June 19, 1861-December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the "tail end of the spanish colonial period of the Philippines
JOSE PROTASIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONZO REALONDA
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•He is tagged as the national hero
(pambansang bayani) of the Filipino people.
Jose protacio rizal mercado y alonzo realonda
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•An opthalmologist by profession he became of 'a writer and a key member of the Filipino propaganda movement, which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda
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•founded by jose rizal in the house of DOROTEO ONGJUNGCO in the ilaya street tondo, manila
•deprived from the la solidaridad propaganda movement.
LA LIGA FILIPINA
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the view that God created the universe with its law, never to interfere with it again
Agnostic Deism
50
•the intelligence is the solution to the ills of the country.
•Their consciousness should be freed from fanaticism, docility, inferiority, and hopelessness.
• He started the La Liga Filipina with the job of enlightening the minds of the people.
JOSE RIZAL (REFORMIST)
51
was a Filipino revolutionary leader. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution", and considered one of the national heroes of the Philippines. He was one of the founders and later the Kataastaasang Pangulo (Supreme President, Presidente Supremo in Spanish, often shortened by contemporaries and historians to just Supremo) of the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or more commonly known as the "Katipunan", a movement that sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Tagalog Revolution
ANDRES BONIFACIO (REVULOTIONIST)
52
a movement that sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Tagalog Revolution
Katipunan
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Andres Bonifacio Philosophy of revolution was published in the revolutionary newspaper
"kalayaan"
54
Transformed _____ as a kinship of contract.
• According to andres bonifacio, a revolution of war is justified when there is breach of contract.
Blood Compact (Sandugo)
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December 15, 1875-April 16, 1899) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the highest-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of the revolutionary society Kataas-taasang, Kagalang- galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, or simply and more popularly called Katipunan, being a member of its Supreme Council. He was elected Secretary of State for the Haring Bayang Katagalugan, a revolutionary government established during the outbreak of hostilities. He is popularly known in Philippine history textbooks as the Brains of the Katipunan while some contend he should be rightfully recognized as the "Brains of the Revolution" (Filipino: Utak ng Himagsikan, a title that is usually given to Apolinario Mabini). Jacinto was present in the so-called Cry of Pugad Lawin (or Cry of Balintawak) with Andrés Bonifacio, the Supremo (Supreme President) of the Katipunan, and others of its members which signaled the start of the Revolution against the Spanish colonial government in the islands.
EMILIO JACINTO (REVOLUTIONIST)
56
Brain of the Revolution (Filipino: Utak ng Himagsikan)
Emilio Jacinto
57
Andres bonifacio was called_____of the katipunan
Supremo (supreme president)
58
•He capitalized on the idea of a free reign of reason, of the freedom to think and do, rather than the freedom to will and do. (Gripaldo, 2002)
•Filipino's mus get rid of slavery; must embrace liberty again with a price, a bloody revolution.
Emilio Jacinto
59
also known by his initials MLQ, was a Filipino lawyer, statesman, soldier, and politician who was president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 until his death in 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines and is considered the second president of the Philippines after Emilio Aguinaldo (1899-1901), whom Quezon defeated in the 1935 presidential election.
MANUEL LUIS QUEZON (POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER)
• Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina, 19 August 1878- 1 August 1944),
60
"one must fight for a goal if obstacles towards that goal are difficult to summon then one must fall back to an alternative that is better than nothing provided it's in the right direction".
Political Pragmatism
61
is a political ideology which refers to making decisions based on current situations, while maintaining elements of conservative policy.
Pragmatic conservatism
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governments are products of political for survival.
Believed in Social Darwinism
63
is defined as the psychology rooted in the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos. It was formalized in 1975 by the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (National Association for Filipino Psychology) under the leadership of Virgilio Enriquez.
Sikolohiyang Pilipina or FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
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Refers to Psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of the Filipino's based on the full use of Filipino Language and Culture.
Sikolohiyang Pilipina or FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
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FATHER OF FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
(November 24, 1942 - August 31, 1994), also known as Doc E, was a social psychologist and the Father of Filipino psychology "Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino"
Virgilio Enriquez
66
who advanced indigenous psychology in the Philippines.
Virgilio Enriquez
67
the Philippines exists and grows as part of the nationalist indigenization movement in the Filipino through the "judgemental and impressionistic views of the colonizers." It is with the use of these American categories and standards that the native, its roots can be traced back to the introduction of the American education system in the Philippines.
Filipino psychology
68
Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as ______ which in Filipino directly refers tothe wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of 'essence' and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior"
"the study of diwa ('psyche')"
69
first Filipino psychologists to return from their education in America (1925) and taught at the College of Education at the University of the Philippines.
• His team brought with them psychological knowledge rooted in the American tradition of psychology...
This Western psychology is taught in schools as universal and scientific despite generally considered by some as insensitive and inappropriate to Philippine culture.
Augustin Alonzo
70
is the core construct of Filipino Psychology.
KAPWA (SHARED INNER SELF)
71
Kapwa has two categories:
Ibang Tao and Hindi Ibang Tao.
72
Ibang Tao ("outsider") There are five interaction levels under this category:
• Pakikitungo
• pakikisalamuha
• Pakikilahok
• Pakikibagay
• Pakikisama
73
civility - right behavior meant right demeanor towards authorities (Parents, Elders, etc.).
Pakikitungo
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act of mixing - This is a social value that is primarily communitarian. It espouses the ability to adapt.
Pakikisalamuha
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act of joining - This translates to participation of the entire community to help a person.
Pakikilahok
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conformity - This runs into conflict with individuality which many Filipinos in fact willingly throw away in favor of conformity with demands of those who are in charge.
Pakikibagay
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being united with the group.
Pakikisama
78
Hindi Ibang Tao ("one-of-us") There are three interaction levels under this category:
• Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
• Pakikisangkot
• Pakikipagkaisa
79
it is the act of mutual trust
Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
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act of joining others
Pakikisangkot
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being one with others
Pakikipagkaisa
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Pakiramdam: Shared inner perceptions. Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others' emotions, as a basic tool to guide their dealings with other people
PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUE
83
Kagandahang-Loob: Shared humanity. This refers to being able to help other people in dire need due to a perception of being together as a part of one Filipino humanity.
LINKING SOCIO-PERSONAL VALUE
84
Hiya: Loosely translated as 'shyness' by most Western psychologists, Hiya is actually 'sense of propriety'.
• Utang na loob: Norm of reciprocity. Filipinos are expected by their neighbors to return favors-whether these were asked for or not-when it is needed or wanted.
• Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa: Smooth Interpersonal Relationship, or SIR, as coined by Lynch (1961 and 1973). This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the majority.
Accommodative SURFACE VALUES
85
• Bahala na: it is translated as "determination in the face of uncertainty" and is used as an expression, almost universally, in Filipino culture. American psychologist Bostrom describes that Filipinos engage in the bahala na attitude equivalent to American fatalism[4] and escapism. Contrary to the connotation of passive fatalism and escapism suggested by Bostrom, "bahala na" would be a confrontative attitutde. It is risk-taking in the face of the proverbial cloud of uncertainty, and the possibility of failure. It is also about an indication of an acceptance of the nature of things, including the inherent limitations of one's self. • Lakas
ng loob: This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties. • Pakikibaka: Literally in English, it means concurrent clashes. It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy.
Confrontative SURFACE VALUES
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Karangalan: Loosely translated to dignity, this actually refers to wha other people see in a person and how they use that information to make a stand or judge about his/her worth.
• Puri: the external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other people judge a person of his/her worth. This compels a common Filipino to conform to social norms, regardless how obsolete they are.
Dangal: the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person judges his own worth. refers to equity in
• Katarungan: Loosely translated to justice, this actually
giving rewards to a person. • Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility. Ironically, this may clash with the less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity).
Societal VALUES
87
Approaches, or lapit, and methods, or pamamaraan, in Filipino Psychology are different from that of Western Psychology. In Filipino Psychology, the subjects, or participants, called kalahok, are considered as equal in status to the researcher.
The participants are included in the research as a group, and not as individuals - hence, an umpukan, or natural cluster, is required to serve as the participants, per se. The researcher is introduced to a natural cluster by a tulay (bridge), who is a part of the umpukan and is a well-respected man in the community.
Approaches AND METHODS
88
Pakikipagkuwentuhan: In this method, the researcher engages in a story-telling with an
umpukan. The researcher merely serves as the facilitator, while the kalahok or participants are
the one who are to talk. The term kwento, from the Spanish word cuento, literally means 'to tell
a story'.
Panunuluyan: In this method, the researcher stays in the home of his kalahok or participant while he conducts the research with consent by the host family, whose head serves as the tulay to an umpukan. The term tuloy, which is the root word of the term panunuluyan, literally means 'to go in'.
Pagdadalaw-dalaw: In this method, the researcher occasionally visits the house of his host or tulay, as opposed to staying in the house. The term dalaw literally means 'visit'.
Approaches and Methads USED IN FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
89
or sikopatolohiya in Filipino, from Spanish psicopatologia, is the study of abnormal psychology in the Filipino context. Several mental disorders have been identified that culture-bound syndromes, and can therefore be found only in the Philippines or in other societies with which Filipinos share cultural connections
Filipino psychopathology
90
more aptly called "Austronesian Mood Disorder", in which a person suddenly loses control of himself and goes into a killing frenzy, after which he/she hallucinates and falls into a trance. After he/she wakes up, he has absolutely no memory of the event
Amok MALAYAN MOOD DISORDER
91
A relatively common occurrence in which a person suddenly loses control of his respiration and digestion, and falls into a coma and ultimately to death. The person is believed to dream of falling into a deep abyss at the onset of his death. This syndrome has been repeatedly linked to Thailand's Brugada syndrome and to the ingestion of rice. However, no such medical ties have been proven.
Bangungot
