2nd semester exam Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Frontal lobe
A
voluntary movement, personality, though, insight, judgment; speech
2
Q
Parietal lobe
A
primary sensory cortex
3
Q
Temporal lobe
A
memory, sensory integration, and hearing
4
Q
Occipital lobe
A
primary vision cortex
5
Q
Cerebellum
A
coordination of voluntary movements and balance
6
Q
Brain stem
A
relay for ascending and descending tracts, cardiorespiratory center
7
Q
spinal cord
A
conduit for ascending and descending tracts, reflex activity
8
Q
Basal ganglia
A
automated movements
9
Q
Thalmus
A
primary sensory relay
10
Q
hypothalamus
A
temp, sleep, emotion, pituitary fxn
11
Q
Corticospinal tract
A
voluntary muscle movements that originate in motor cortex
12
Q
Extrapyramidal tract
A
maintain muscle tone and gross automated movements
13
Q
cerebellar tract
A
coordination of movement; maintenance of equilibrium
14
Q
spinothalamic tract
A
sensations of pain, temp, light tough
15
Q
posterior columns
A
position sense, vibration, and discriminative touch
16
Q
how many spinal nerves
A
31: 8- cervical 12- thoracic 5- lumbar 5 - sacral 1 - coccygeal
17
Q
dysarthria
A
problem with motor speech
18
Q
dysphonia
A
weak breathy voice
19
Q
expressive aphasia
A
comprehension intact; can’t speak
20
Q
Receptive aphasia
A
comprehension not intact; can speak
21
Q
global aphasia
A
combo of receptive and expressive aphasia
22
Q
apraxia
A
inability to follow commands
Praxis: ability to follow commands
23
Q
agnosia
A
inability to recognize sensory stimuli
24
Q
Biceps Reflex
A
C5, C6
25
Triceps Reflex
C7, C8
26
Patellar Reflex
L3, L4
27
Achilles Reflex
S1, S2
28
dysdiadokinesia
inability to do Rapid alternating movements:
slow & regular = cerebral dysfxn
Fast & irregular = Cerebellar dysfxn
29
dysmetria
consistent past-pointing, consistent with cerebellar disease
30
Amelia
Complete absence of a limb
31
Meromelia
partial absence of a limb
32
Special Test: Phalens
Hold posterior of hands together (+) if numbness or tingling
33
Special Test: Tinel
percuss over median nerve at wrist (+) tingling
34
Special Test: Thomas Test
pt supine, one leg extended and other flexed with knee to chest- assess patient’s ability to keep extended leg flat on table-
detects flexion contractures of the hip
35
Special Test: Trenelenburg
pt to stand on one leg then the other; note asymmetry in iliac crest; if iliac crest drops on side of lifted leg, hip abductor muscles on the weight-bearing side are weak- detects weak hip abductors
36
Valgus
Angulation of the distal extremity away from midline = Y legs
37
Varus
Angulation of distal extremity toward midline = Bow legs
38
Somatic Pain
Sharp, localized pain on the surface
39
Visceral Pain
Poorly localized, varies in quality and severity
40
Parietal Pain
Severe, steady and localized
| pain worse with pressure/movement
41
Referred pain
constant ache
42
Hamburger sign
Are you hungry? if pt doesnt want to eat favorite foods then consider appendicitis
43
Tenesmus
Spasm of anal sphincter, feeling of incomplete BM
44
Jaundice
right upper quadrant pain, confusion or AMS, bleeding gums, back pain, dark urine
45
Clubbing
crohn's, celiac disease, malabsorption
46
Palmar erythema
liver disease
47
Asterixis
hepatic encephalopathy & kidney disease
| hyperextended fingers and release - (+) is slow flap
48
Xanthelasma
yellow lid plaques
| cirrhosis or biliary obstruction
49
Kayser-Fleischer rings
Brown-yellow corneal rings - wilson's disease
50
Panniculus
Fat belly over pubis
51
Abdominal mass in rectus abdominus
more prominent when muscle contracted
| ventral hernias
52
Purpura - Abdomen
Hypersplenism
| impaired clotting
53
Spider Nevi
Liver disease
| looks like a firework
54
Cullen's sign
discoloration around umbilicus due to bleeding
Pancreatitis
ectopic pregnancy
55
Grey-Turner's sign
Blue discoloration of the flanks - caused by acute, severe pancreatitis
56
Capust Medusa
engorged veins across abdomen - portal HTN
57
Borborygmi (sound)
Growling
58
Markle Sign
Heel Jar test
59
Murphy Sign
Pt will stop inspiring due to pain when feeling for liver edge
gallbladder or liver inflammation - acute cholecystitis
60
Castell's Sign
Spleen palpation
| negative if cannot feel spleen
61
Dyspepsia
heart burn
| recurrent discomfort or burning pain centered in upper abdomen
62
Peritoneal inflammation
Abdominal pain coughing upon light percussion
63
Phimosis
tight skin that cannot be pulled back from head of penis
64
Paraphimosis
foreskin cannot be pulled over penis - emergency
65
Tanner stages
1: childhood size
2: Scrotum enlarges & reddens
3. penis gets longer
4. penis gets thicker
5. adult size
66
Angiokeratoma of Fordyce
Vessicles have come to the surface - blanchable
normal - may bleed
if unilateral or rapid look for pelvic mass
67
Balanitis
candida infection on penis
68
Hypospadias
When urethra is on bottom of penis
69
Peyronie's Disease
Fibrosis of Turnica Albuginea with painful penile deviation when erect
70
Hydrocele
increased fluid in scrotal sac
71
Breast Arterial Supply
Off internal mammary arteries
| lateral thoracic artery
72
Breast Nerves
Long thoracic - innervates serratus anterior
abducts and laterally rotates scapula
Thoracodorsal nerve: in axilla and innervates latissimus dorsi: adducts, extends, medially rotates arm
Medial Pectoral nerve - innervates pectoralis major and minor
73
breast exam guidelines
every 3 yrs from 20-39
74
mammogram guidelines
Every 2 yrs from 50-74
75
Fibroadenoma
fine, round, mobile, nontender
| age 15-25
76
Cysts
Soft to firm, round, mobile, non tender
| age 25-50
77
Fibrocystic changes
nodular, ropelike
78
DEXA scan
once at 65 and repeat if necessary
79
PAP smear
every 3 yrs starting at 21 -29 or 3 yrs after 1st intercourse
PAP w/ HPV every 5 yrs age 30-65
stop PAP but not pelvic exam at 65 if 3 consecutive normal results
identifies cervical cell changes that are present
80
HPV
identifies virus that may cause changes before changes occur
81
Menopause
absence of menses for 12 months
| age 48-55
82
Dysmenorrhea
pain with menses
83
Post - coital
bleeding after intercourse
84
Amenorrhea
absence of mentrual period
85
Oligomenorrhea
infrequent menses
| >35 day interval
86
Hypomenorrhea
light, regular bleeding
87
Polymenorrhea
menses too often
| <21 day interval
88
Menorrhagia
heavy menses
| >80ml of blood
89
Menstrual bleeding
25-80 ml of blood loss
90
Metorrhagia
Intermenstrual bleeding
91
Menometrorrhagia
Heavy menses at irregular or more frequent intervals
92
GP (FPAL)
```
G = # of pregnancies
F= full term (>36wks)
P=preterm pregnancies
A = abortions or miscarriages
L = number of living children
```
93
most common hernia in women
Indirect inguinal
94
Uterine Myomas (Fibroids)
common benign tumors
| single or multiple
95
Prolapsed uterus
weakened pelvic floor muscles
| associated with cystocele or rectocele
96
cystocele
bladder pushes into vaginal wall
97
cystourethrocele
entire anterior vaginal wall, bladder, and urethra is involved
98
Rectocele
herniation of rectum into posterior vaginal wall
99
Bacterial Vaginosis
Clue cells on wet mount
