2nd Terms

Question 1

Staple

Answer 1

1 a small piece of thin wire that is pushed into sheets of paper and bent over to hold them together

2 a small U-shaped piece of metal with pointed ends, used to hold something in place

3 a food that is needed and used all the time
staples like flour and rice

4 the main product that is produced in a country
Bananas and sugar are the staples of Jamaica.

Question 2

Commodity

Answer 2

1 a product that is bought and sold
agricultural commodities
Commodity prices fell sharply.
► see thesaurus at product
2 formal a useful quality or thing
Time is a precious commodity

Question 3

Ostracize

Answer 3

if a group of people ostracize someone, they refuse to accept them as a member of the group
She was afraid that if she spoke up her colleagues would ostracize her.
He was ostracized by the other students.
—ostracism /-sɪzəm/ noun [uncountable]
He suffered years of ostracism.

Question 4

Obscure

Answer 4

1 not well known and usually not very important
an obscure poet
The details of his life remain obscure.

2 difficult to understand
obscure legal phrases
For some obscure reason, the group is very popular.

Question 5

irrespective of something

Answer 5

used when saying that a particular fact has no effect on a situation and is not important
SYN regardless

The course is open to anyone, irrespective of age.

Question 6

Whereby

Answer 6

adverb
by means of which or according to which

. a proposal whereby EU citizens would be allowed to reside anywhere in the EU

Examples from the Corpus:
whereby
• The mall created a frequent-shopper plan whereby customers earn discounts.
• How can anyone dream up a handicap system whereby my handicap can go up because somebody else scored a net 65?

Question 7

Induce v

Answer 7

Induce – Meanings:

1. To cause something to happen
2. To persuade or influence someone to do something
3. To bring about labor or childbirth medically

Examples (Meaning 1 – Cause):

1. Stress can induce headaches and insomnia.
2. The drug may induce drowsiness.

Examples (Meaning 2 – Persuade):
3. Nothing could induce him to change his mind.
4. She was induced to confess under pressure.

Examples (Meaning 3 – Medical):
5. The doctor decided to induce labor due to complications.

Question 8

Concurrent

Answer 8

1 existing or happening at the same time
The exhibition reflected concurrent developments abroad.

2 formal in agreement
concurrent with
My opinions are concurrent with yours.
—concurrently adverb
Because his prison sentences run concurrently, he could be free in two years.

Question 9

Pertain to sth

Answer 9

Pertain – Meanings:

1. To relate to or be connected with something
2. (Archaic) To belong to or be appropriate for something

Examples:

1. These rules pertain to all employees.
2. The questions pertain to the previous chapter.
3. Duties that pertain to the role must be taken seriously.
4. His comments did not pertain to the topic.
5. The privileges pertain only to senior members.

Question 10

Exclusion

Answer 10

Exclusion – Meaning: The act of leaving someone or something out; denial of access or participation

Examples:

1. His exclusion from the team caused controversy.
2. The policy led to the exclusion of minority groups.
3. Social exclusion can harm mental health.
4. The list was complete, with the exclusion of one name.
5. She felt the pain of exclusion at the party.