2ND YEAR 1ST SEM MODULE 1 - LABORATORY SAFETY

Question 1

A chemical that causes an allergic reaction— that is, evokes anadverse immune response (could be a severe rash or respiratory distress).

Answer 1

Allergen (sensitizer)

Question 2

A gas or vapor that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocationdue to lack of oxygen.

Answer 2

Asphyxiant

Question 3

The temperature at or above which a substance willspontaneously ignite or catch fire without a spark or flame.

Answer 3

Autoignition temperature

Question 4

An infectious agent, or part thereof, that presents a real or potential risk to the well-being of humans, animals or plants. It can present a hazard directly through infection or indirectly through the disruption of the environment

Answer 4

Biohazard

Question 5

A substance that is capable of causing cancer.

Answer 5

Carcinogen

Question 6

A highly reactive substance that causes obvious damage to living tissue bychemical action

Answer 6

Corrosive

Question 7

:Direct contact with a hazard or chemical in a way that causes injury or harm.

Answer 7

Exposure

Question 8

The established concentration of a chemical that most people could beexposed to in a typical day without experiencing adverse effects. See the table below forthe various types of exposure limits. Exposure limits help in understanding the relativerisks of chemicals.

Answer 8

Exposure limit

Question 9

Types of exposure limit

Answer 9

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Threshold Limit Value (TVL)
Immediate Danger To Life Or Health (IDHL)

Question 10

Specifies the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical to which a worker may be exposed. It can be established in one of two ways: 1) Ceiling values: At no time should this exposure limit be exceeded and 2) 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA): An average value of exposure over the course of an 8-hour work shift.

Answer 10

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)-

Question 11

Denotes the level of exposure that nearly all workers can experience without an unreasonable risk of disease or injury. Defined as ceiling limits, short-term exposure limits (STEL), and TWAs. It should be noted that these are only advisory limits and not enforceable by law. These may be the same as PELs

Answer 11

Threshold Limit Value (TVL)

Question 12

Specifies a level of exposure that is immediately dangerous to life and/or health.

Answer 12

Immediate Danger To Life Or Health (IDHL)

Question 13

A substance that enters the maternal and placental circulation and causesinjury or death to the fetus

Answer 13

Fetotoxicant

Question 14

A substance that easily catches fire. As defined by the GHS, a flammablesubstance is one that has a flash point at or above 73 °F (23 °C) and below 140 °F (60 °C).

Answer 14

Flammable

Question 15

has a flash point below 73 °F (23 °C) and an initial boilingpoint above 95 °F (35 °C).

Answer 15

A highly flammable substance

Question 16

has a flash point below 73 °F(23 °C) and an initial boiling point below 95 °F (35 °C).

Answer 16

An extremely flammable substance

Question 17

The lowest temperature at which a liquid or solid can produce a vapor sufficient to form an ignitable mixture in the air. The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite the material.

Answer 17

Flash point

Question 18

A substance capable of changing genetic material in a cell and thus increasing the frequency of mutations

Answer 18

Mutagen

Question 19

An unexpected event in which the rate of reaction increases significantly, resulting in a significant increase in temperature. The increase in temperature causes the rate of reaction to increase, further increasing the rate and tending to create an uncontrolled, often heat-producing, reaction

Answer 19

Runaway reaction

Question 20

An agent that can cause non-inheritable genetic mutations or malformationsof an embryo or fetus. The agent can be a chemical substance, virus, or ionizing radiation.

Answer 20

Teratogen

Question 21

Any substance that has the capacity to produce personal injury or illness to humans through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through any body surface, as defined by Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) regulation.

Answer 21

Toxic

Question 22

The adverse effects of a substance resulting from a single exposure ormultiple exposures over a very short time span (less than 24 hours). Acute toxicity isusually determined by exposing animals to a given chemical to determine the lethal dose,50% (LD50). This is an experimental measure determined by administering varied doses of achemical by some route to animals, observing the percentage lethality at these doses, andextrapolating to estimate the dose that would kill 50% of the animals.

Answer 22

Acute toxicity

Question 23

Types of Acute Toxicant

Answer 23

Asphyxiant, Irritant, Neurotoxicant, Organ toxicant, Sensitizer/allergen, Teratogen or fetotoxicant

Question 24

Adverse effects resulting from long-term exposure, usually at lower levels, to a substance.

Answer 24

Chronic toxicity

Question 25

Types of Chronic toxicant  

Answer 25

:Carcinogen, Neurotoxicant, Organ toxicant

Question 26

formerly called as Material Safety Data Sheet

Answer 26

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Question 27

``` SDS? Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: ```

Answer 27

Section 1: Identification Section 2: Hazard(s) identification Section 3: Composition/information on ingredients Section 4: First-aid measures

Question 28

``` SDS? Section 5:   Section 6:   Section 7: Section 8: ```

Answer 28

Section 5:  Fire-fighting measures Section 6:  Accidental release measures Section 7: Handling and storage Section 8: Exposure controls/personal protection

Question 29

``` SDS? Section 9:   Section 10:   Section 11: Section 12:   ```

Answer 29

Section 9:  Physical and chemical properties Section 10:  Stability and reactivity Section 11:  Toxicological information Section 12:  Ecological information

Question 30

``` SDS? Section 13:   Section 14:   Section 15: Section 16: ```

Answer 30

Section 13:  Disposal considerations Section 14:  Transport information Section 15: Regulatory information Section 16: Other information

Question 31

Examples of corrosive substances

Answer 31

strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents

Question 32

Routes of Exposure

Answer 32

Routes of Exposure Routes of Exposure Inhalation- Gases, vapors, mists, fumes and dusts enter through the nose or mouth.  Ingestion- Liquid and solid chemicals enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract.  Dermal- Chemicals enter the body when absorbed by the skin Injection- Chemicals enter the body when sharp objects such as used needles and broken glass puncture the skin.  

Question 33

Route of exposure through Gases, vapors, mists, fumes and dusts enter through the nose or mouth.

Answer 33

Inhalation

Question 34

Route of exposure through Liquid and solid chemicals enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 34

Ingestion

Question 35

Route lf exposure through Chemicals enter the body when absorbed by the skin

Answer 35

Dermal

Question 36

Route of exposure through Chemicals enter the body when sharp objects such as used needle and broken glass puncture the skin.

Answer 36

Injection

Question 37

Used for measuring mass

Answer 37

Balance

Question 38

Used to hold, mix and heat liquids

Answer 38

Beaker

Question 39

Used to pick up beakers

Answer 39

Beaker tongs

Question 40

Used for dispensing an accurate volume of a liquid

Answer 40

Burette

Question 41

Used for holding chemicals during heating to very high temperatures

Answer 41

Crucible

Question 42

Used to hold crucibles

Answer 42

Crucible tongs

Question 43

Used to hold and mix chemicals.The small neck is to facilitate mixing without spilling

Answer 43

Erlenmeyer flask

Question 44

Used to heat liquids for evaporation

Answer 44

Evaporating dish

Question 45

Used to transfer liquids or fine grained materials into containers with small openings. Also used for filtration

Answer 45

Funnel

Question 46

Used to measure a precise volume | of a liquid

Answer 46

Graduated cylinder

Question 47

Used to support a container, such as a beaker, on a ring stand while it is being heated. May have a fiberglass or ceramic center

Answer 47

Wire gauze

Question 48

Used to crush and grind materials

Answer 48

Mortar and pestle

Question 49

Used with a ring stand to hold glassware, such as a beaker or a funnel

Answer 49

Ring clamp

Question 50

Used to hold or clamp laboratory glassware and other equipment in place, so it does not fall down or come apart

Answer 50

Ring stand

Question 51

Used for stirring and mixing

Answer 51

Stirring rod

Question 52

Used to hold and mix liquids

Answer 52

Test tube

Question 53

Used to hold a test tube, particularly when hot

Answer 53

Test tube clamp

Question 54

Used to measure temperature in Celsius  

Answer 54

Thermometer (digital or alcohol, not mercury)

Question 55

Used to secure glassware to a ring stand

Answer 55

Utility clamp

Question 56

Used to prepare solutions to an accurate volume

Answer 56

Volumetric flask

Question 57

Used to rinse pieces of glassware | and to add small quantities of water

Answer 57

Wash bottle

Question 58

Used to hold solids while they are | being weighed or to cover a beaker

Answer 58

Watch glass