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PHYS > 2ND YEAR IMAEQMA > Flashcards

2ND YEAR IMAEQMA Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

What refers to the quality of image?

A

kvp

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2
Q

where does the kvp, mAs, and the autotransformer belong to

A

Operating console, control console, or low voltage section

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3
Q

What is the formula of kVp?

A

kVp= BT (cm) x 2 + machine constant

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4
Q

What is the machine constant of non digital and digital machine?

A

Non digital: 30
Digital: 40

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5
Q

What is the other unit for kVp

A

Half Value Layer

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6
Q

It refers to the penetrability of the x-ray beam

A

kVp specifically, Quality

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7
Q

It adjusts the kvp, mas, and the focal spot size and controls x-ray tube current and voltage

A

Operating console

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8
Q

What is the formula of mAs

A

mAs= mA x time (s)

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9
Q

Refers to the quantity of x-ray photons and intensity of x-ray beam

A

mAs

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10
Q

Other unit for mAs

A

MR (Milliroentgen)

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11
Q

Controls voltage to 110v - 220v

A

Autotransformer

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12
Q

Receives voltage from power source

A

Autotransformer

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13
Q

Provides precise voltage to the x-ray tube

A

Line compensator

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14
Q

What winding does the line compensator belong to

A

Primary winding

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15
Q

What is the winding of the Major and Minor kVp?

A

Secondary winding

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16
Q

It is the 2 separate connections on the autotransformer that selects the kvp

A

Major & minor kVp

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17
Q

Allows the monitoring or measurement of voltage before exposure

A

Pre-reading voltmeter

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18
Q

Controls voltage to heat x-ray tube

A

High Voltage Generator Section

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19
Q

3 Parts of the High Voltage Generator

A

High Voltage Transformer
Filament transformer
Rectifier

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20
Q

Function of rectifier

A

Converts AC to dc

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21
Q

Provides high voltage to x-ray tube

A

High voltage transformer

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22
Q

Increases current & intensity for heating filament

A

Filament transformer

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23
Q

Increases current & intensity for heating filament

A

Filament transformer

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24
Q

It is where the production of x-ray happens

A

X-ray tube

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25
What type of device is the x-ray tube
Electrical device
26
Amount of voltage needed to operate x-ray tube
220v
27
Length and diameter of x-ray tube
Length: 30-50cm Diameter: 20 cm
28
What is thermionic emission?
Process of heating filament to release electrons
29
Heat needed by filament to produce/release electrons
2200*c
30
X-ray tube consists of :
Cathode Anode
31
Which is the negative and positive part of the x-ray tube
Cathode negative Anode positive
32
Parts of cathode
Focusing cup Filament
33
Designed to condense and repel electron beam to a small area on focal track
Focusing cup
34
What is the focusing cup made of
Nickel
35
Where is the filament embedded
Focusing cup
36
Produces high speed electrons
Filament
37
Filament is a small coil made up of_
Thoriated tungsten
38
Why is thoriated tungsten used for filament?
high thermionic emission better thermal conductivity high melting point
39
How many x-ray tubes do modern x-ray have
2
40
Length and diameter of filament
Length: 1 - 2 cm Diameter: 2mm
41
Factors that determine the effectiveness of focusing cup
Size & shape Charge Filament size and shape Position of filament
42
What is space charge effect
Electrostatic Repulsion of space charge
43
What happens to space charge when it boils
The charge becomes more negative
44
It attracts the electrons produced by cathode
anode
45
_ % heat _ % x-ray
99% 1%
46
Other functions of anode
Mechanical support for target Electrical conductor
47
2 types of anode
Rotating Stationary
48
Anode used for general radiography
Rotating
49
Why is the rotating anode used for general radiography
High exposure short time production of high intensity x-ray beams
50
Why does the rotating anode provide greater exposure than stationary
larger target area larger heat dissipation
51
Where is stationary used
Dental radiography
52
What is stationary anode made up of
Tungsten target embedded in large copper bar
53
Parts of anode
Target Focal spot
54
Area of anode struck by projectile electrons
Target
55
What is target made up of
Tungsten Rhenium
56
Actual source of radiation and releases it
Focal spot
57
Material of focal spot
Graphite Copper Molybdenum
58
2 sizes of focal spot and their measurement
Large: 0.4mm-1.2mm Small: 0.1mm- 0.5mm
59
Size for focal spot that is used for technical factors that produce high heat
Large
60
Pros and Cons of large focal spot
Pros: good heat dissipation ; thick body part; short exposure time Cons: large effective FS
61
Size of focal spot used for better spatial resolutions
Small
62
Pros and cons of small focal spot
Pros: thin body part; small effective focal spot Cons: poor heat dissipation
63
Incorporated to the x-ray tube allowing large area for heating while maintaining small focal spot
Line focus Principle
64
What happens when you angle the target?
Smaller target effective area than electron interaction
65
Electron bombarded by cathode travelling to anode
Incident electron beam
66
Electron bombarded by cathode travelling to anode
Incident electron beam
67
Physical area of anode when bombarded by electron beam that emits x-ray
Actual focal spot
68
Area projected to patient
Effective focal spot
69
Pros and Cons of smaller anode angle
Po: small effective FS (increased spatial resolution) Con: limits usable field size
70
Type of timer that has simple clock system
Mechanical timer
71
Where is the mechanical timer used
Portable dental units
72
Precision device driving the shaft at _ rps
Synchronous timer 60 rps
73
Why should the synchronous timer not be used for rapid exposure
Needs to reset after exposure
74
Minimum exposure of synchronous timer
1/17 msec
75
Most accurate, complicated, and sophisticated timer
Electronic timer
76
What timer is used for rapid serial exposure
Electronic timer
77
Determines intensity or number of x-ray
mAs timer
78
Terminated exposure time when desired mAs is attained
mAs timer
79
Measure quantity of radiation reaching the image receptor
Phototimer
80
Other name for phototimer
Automatic Exposure control
81
Terminates exposure when desired density is attained
Phototimer
82
What is a critical component of phototimer
Photomultiplier sensing device
83
What are the 3 STRUCTURES of x-ray tube
Support structure Protective housing Glass envelope
84
A support structure that is frequently used
Ceiling support
85
A support structure that has 2 rails mounted to the ceiling directly over the radiographic table
Ceiling support
86
A support structure that has a single column with rollers attached at each end
Floor to ceiling support
87
An alternative to column mount
Floor mount system
88
It is mounted underneath the radiographic table
Fluoroscopy
89
Used in hospitals for patients with critical conditions
Portable/mobile machine
90
Term for patients that are unable to walk without assistance
Non-ambulatory
91
C-shaped structure that provides flexible x-ray tube positioning and live imaging
C-ARM SUPPORT system
92
Support system used in fluoroscopy
C-ARM SUPPORT system
93
Protects radtech against electric shock
Protective housing
94
Mechanical support for x-ray tube
Protective housing
95
What is the purpose of oil in protective housing
Electrical insulator and thermal cushion
96
X-ray that escapes the protective housing that is unnecessary for diagnostic imaging
Leakage radiation
97
X-ray that is emitted through the window that emits isotropically
Useful beam / primary beam
98
What is glass envelope made up of
Pyrex glass
99
What does isotropically mean
Emit equal intensity in all directions
100
Why is Pyrex glass used for glass envelope
Withstands extreme heat
101
A portion of envelope that allows useful x-ray beam output from tube
Window
102
A part of the glass envelope that minimizes radiation absorption
Window
103
Why does the glass envelope contain a vacuum/ empty space inside?
Efficient x-ray production Longer tube life

PHYS (3 decks)

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