2nd Year Summer Exam 2025

Question 1

What is osteoporosis ?

Answer 1

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become fragile and brittle due to a loss of calcium.

Question 2

What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?

Answer 2

Symptoms of osteoporosis
• Fragile, brittle bones
• Bones fracture more easily
• Curvature of the spine
• Loss of height
• Pain in neck and back

Question 3

How can osteoporosis be treated ?

Answer 3

Guidelines for treating osteoporosis
• Consume a diet rich in calcium, vitamin D and phosphorus.
• Participate in regular weight-bearing exercise such as jogging or walking.

Question 4

What is Coeliac disease and symptoms?

Answer 4

Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease is an intolerance of a protein called gluten, which is found in the cereals wheat, rye and barley.
Symptoms of coeliac disease
• Bloating and gas
• Weight loss
• Diarrhoea
• Abdominal pain
Untreated coeliac disease can cause damage to the intestine and malnutrition.

Question 5

What’s anemia ?

Answer 5

Anemia is when your body doesn’t have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen.

The most common cause is not enough iron in your diet.

Iron helps make hemoglobin, the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Question 6

What is rickets and what causes it?

Answer 6

🦴 Rickets is a bone disease in children.
It’s caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, .
This makes bones soft, weak, and sometimes bendy (e.g. bowed legs).

🧃 Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium — without it, bones can’t grow strong.

Question 7

What are the two types of protein?

Answer 7

High Biological Value (usually animal)

Low Biological Value (usually vegetable)

Question 8

What are some sources of HBV protein?

Answer 8

Meat, Fish, Milk, Cheese, Eggs, Soya
Beans

Question 9

What are some sources of LBV protein?

Answer 9

Nuts, Peas, Beans, Whole cereals

Question 10

What is the function of protein?

Answer 10

1. Growth and repair of the body
2. Making hormones and enzymes

Question 11

What are the two types of fats ?

Answer 11

Saturated fat
Unsaturated

Question 12

What are some sources of saturated fats ?

Answer 12

Meat -suet,lard, dripping. Egg yolk.
Dairy - butter, cream, cream cheese. Hard margarine.

Question 13

What are some sources of unsaturated fats?

Answer 13

Vegetable Oils, Nuts, Oily Fish. Poly and monounsaturated margarines.

Question 14

What is the function of fat ?

Answer 14

Insulation
Protection of internal organs
Feeling of fullness

Unsaturated
Sources of vitamin A and D

Question 16

What does vitamin A do in the body and what are sources of vitamin? Is vitamin A fat or water solution?

Answer 16

Source
Oily fish, Liver, kidney, Margarine,
Eggs
Coloured vegetables - carrots, peppers,

Function
1. Growth
2. Good eyesight
3. Healthy

Question 17

Is vitam D fat soluble and what ate its sources and functions in the body ?

Answer 17

Sources

Oily fish, Margarine, Eggs, Tinned fish,
Sunlight

Function

Healthy bones and teeth
Growth

Question 18

Is vitamin iE fat soluble or water soluble what are its sources and functions in the?

Answer 18

Most animal foods

Anti -oxidant

Question 19

What are the 5 minerals ?

Answer 19

Iodine , iron , Phosphorus, Calcium

Question 20

What’s the function and source of calcium?

Answer 20

Sources

Dairy products, tinned fish, dark green vegetables

-function

Healthy bones and teeth

Question 21

What are sources of iron and what’s its function/defiency?

Answer 21

Sources
Red meat especially liver, eggs, Green vegetables

Function
Production of red blood cells

Anemia - tiredness,
no energy

Question 22

what’s sustainability ?

Answer 22

Sustainability
Maintaining the world we live in for future generations of humans, plants and animals.

Question 23

What’s food sustainability?

Answer 23

Food Sustainability
Maintaining a healthy food supply for future generations

Question 24

What are ecological issues?

Answer 24

Ecological Issues
Relate to how living things, especially humans, interact with and impact on the environment.
• Production
• Packaging
Transport

All impact the environment - causing water and air pollution

Question 25

Why is food packaging bad and what should be used instead?

Answer 25

Food Packaging Food packaging (plastic) is harmful to the environment and should be avoided as much as possible. Biodegradable packaging should be used where possible. This is packaging that breaks down naturally and harmlessly in the environment

Question 26

What are food miles?

Answer 26

Food Miles Distance food travels before it can be purchased. • Trucks • Aeroplanes • Ships These burn fossil fuels that pollutes our environment with carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 27

What are consumer responsibilities to food miles?

Answer 27

Consumer Responsibility to Food Miles • Buy locally produced products - travelled short distances. • Buy food in season locally

Question 28

What are ethical issues ?

Answer 28

Ethical Issues Involves making decisions about what we believe to be right and wrong Ethical Issues in Food The treatment of agricultural workers The rearing of animals

Question 29

What does fair trade mean?

Answer 29

Fairtrade Fairtrade - Buying Fairtrade products is an ethical decision. When a farmers displays the Fairtrade logo - it means the farmers in developing countries have been paid a fair price for their produce and workers have good working conditions.

Question 30

What’s the difference between between vegetarian and vegan and ?

Answer 30

Vegetarians & Vegans Vegans do not eat meat or any animal based product and vegetarians do not eat meat. Many vegetarians and vegans have chosen this for ethical reasons. The believe it is morally wrong to kill an animal.

Question 31

What is one way to limit food waste in the kitchen?

Answer 31

Use all parts of fruits and vegetables, such as making vegetable stock from roots and stems. ## Footnote Jam making and pickling help preserve seasonal foods.

Question 32

Which items should be composted in a sustainable kitchen?

Answer 32

Eggshells, teabags, ground coffee, and fruit and vegetable skins. ## Footnote Composting reduces waste and enriches soil.

Question 33

How should food packaging be recycled?

Answer 33

Recycle food packaging correctly, e.g., put aluminium cans in the green recycling bin. ## Footnote Proper recycling minimizes landfill waste.

Question 34

What is a benefit of creating a kitchen garden?

Answer 34

To grow vegetables and herbs organically. ## Footnote This promotes sustainability and reduces reliance on store-bought produce.

Question 35

What dietary change can be made to reduce meat consumption?

Answer 35

Choose vegetarian dishes or supplement meat dishes with non-meat alternatives. ## Footnote This can lower carbon footprint and promote health.

Question 36

What is an effective way to store lettuce to prevent spoilage?

Answer 36

Store lettuce in the vegetable drawer of the fridge. ## Footnote Proper storage extends the freshness of produce.

Question 37

What should be done with leftover food?

Answer 37

Freeze leftover food for use another day. ## Footnote Freezing helps minimize food waste.

Question 38

How can water waste be reduced in the kitchen?

Answer 38

Wash vegetables in a basin instead of under a running tap and reuse the water for plants. ## Footnote This conserves water and benefits plants.

Question 39

What is a way to be conscious of energy usage in the kitchen?

Answer 39

Make one-pot dishes, which are economical and use less electricity or gas. ## Footnote One-pot cooking simplifies meal prep and reduces energy consumption.

Question 40

What type of cleaning products should be used for sustainability?

Answer 40

Use eco-friendly and natural cleaning products, such as baking soda. ## Footnote These products reduce water pollution and are safer for the environment.

Question 41

What is milk considered in terms of nutrition?

Answer 41

A complete food because it is easy to digest and contains all five nutrients and water

Question 42

What is the most common type of milk consumed by humans?

Answer 42

Cow's milk

Question 43

What are the two main purposes of milk processing?

Answer 43

* Make it safe to drink * Prolong its shelf life

Question 44

Fill in the blank: Milk contains all five __________ and water.

Answer 44

nutrients

Question 45

What is an example of a hard cheese?

Answer 45

Cheddar, Emmental, Parmesan ## Footnote Hard cheeses are typically aged longer and have a firmer texture.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: __________ is a type of hard cheese known for its nutty flavor.

Answer 46

Emmental ## Footnote Emmental cheese is often used in fondue.

Question 47

What is an example of a soft cheese?

Answer 47

Cottage cheese Brie Mozerella

Question 48

Name a type of soft cheese that is often used on cheese boards.

Answer 48

Brie ## Footnote Brie is a soft cheese with a rich, buttery flavor and a white, edible rind.

Question 49

What’s a kitchen work sequence?

Answer 49

I A work sequence is the order in which tasks are completed. The work involved in the storage, preparation, cooking and serving of food follows a logical work sequence. When a kitchen is well designed, this work sequence is taken into account.

Question 50

What are the pricipals of design?

Answer 50

Paul=porption Eats= Emphasis Blueberries =Balance Regularly =rythm