3

Question 1

Carbohydrates are needed by living organisms for things like … … and support.

Answer 1

energy storage

Question 2

Most carbohydrates are …

Answer 2

polymers

Question 3

All carbohyrates are made from the same three chemical elements - _______, hydrogen, oxygen.

Answer 3

carbon

Question 4

For every carbon atom in the carbohydrate there are usually two … atoms and one oxygen atom.

Answer 4

hydrogen

Question 5

The monomers that make up carbohydrates are called …

Answer 5

monosaccharides

Question 6

Glucose is a monosaccharide with … carbon atoms.

Answer 6

six

Question 7

Glucose is a … monosaccharide.

Answer 7

hexose

Question 8

Both alpha and beta forms of glucose have a … structure.

Answer 8

ring

Question 9

Glucose structure is related to its function as the main … source in animals and plants.

Answer 9

energy

Question 10

Glucose’s structure makes it soluble, so it can be easily …

Answer 10

transported

Question 11

Glucose’s chemical bonds contain lots of …

Answer 11

energy

Question 12

Ribose is a monosaccharide with … carbon atoms.

Answer 12

five

Question 13

Ribose is a … monosaccharide.

Answer 13

pentose

Question 14

Monosaccharides are joined by … bonds.

Answer 14

glycosidic

Question 15

During synthesis, a hydrogen atom on one monosaccharide bonds to a … (OH) group on the other, releasing a molecule of water (condensation reaction).

Answer 15

hydroxyl

Question 16

The opposite of this polysaccharide formation reaction is … - a molecule of water reacts with the glycosidic bond, breaking it apart.

Answer 16

hydrolysis

Question 17

Although most carbohydrates are …, single monosaccharides are also called carbohydrates.

Answer 17

polymers

Question 18

A … is formed when two monosaccharides join together.

Answer 18

disaccharide

Question 19

Two a-glucose molecules are joined together by a glycosidic bond to form …

Answer 19

maltose

Question 20

Sucrose is a disaccharide formed when alpha glucose and … join together.

Answer 20

fructose

Question 21

Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the joining together of … with either alpha or beta glucose.

Answer 21

galactose

Question 22

A … is formed when more than two monosaccharides join together.

Answer 22

polysaccharide

Question 23

Lots of alpha glucose molecules are joined together by … bonds to form amylose.

Answer 23

glycosidic

Question 24

You can test for the presence of starch using the … test.

Answer 24

iodine

Question 25

Starch is the main energy storage material in ...

Answer 25

plants

Question 26

Starch is the main energy storage material in ...

Answer 26

plants

Question 27

Cells get energy from glucose and plants store excess glucose as ...

Answer 27

starch

Question 28

Starch is ... in water so it doesn’t cause water to enter cells by osmosis.

Answer 28

insoluble

Question 29

Starch is a mixture of two ... of alpha-glucose - amylose and amylopectin.

Answer 29

polysaccharides

Question 30

... is a long, unbranched chain of a-glucose.

Answer 30

amylose

Question 31

The angles of the ... bonds in amylose give it a coiled structure, almost like a cylinder.

Answer 31

glycosidic

Question 32

... is a long, branched chain of a-glucose.

Answer 32

amylopectin

Question 33

Amylopectin’s side branches allow the ... that break down the molecule to get at the glycosidic bonds easily.

Answer 33

enzymes

Question 34

... bonds between a-glucose molecules help to hold amylose in its helical structure.

Answer 34

hydrogen

Question 35

Hydrogen bonds between a-glucose molecules help to hold amylose in its ... structure.Hydrogen bonds between a-glucose molecules help to hold amylose in its ... structure.

Answer 35

helical

Question 36

... is the main energy material in animals.

Answer 36

glycogen

Question 37

Animal cells get energy from glucose too, but animals store excess glucose as ... - another polysaccharide of alpha-glucose.

Answer 37

glycogen

Question 38

Glycogen is very similar to amylopectin, except that it has loads more side ... coming off it.

Answer 38

branches

Question 39

Loads of branches means that stored ... can be released quickly, which is important for energy release in animals.

Answer 39

glucose

Question 40

... is the major component of cell walls in plants.

Answer 40

cellulose

Question 41

Cellulose is made of long, unbranched chains of ...-glucose

Answer 41

beta

Question 42

When beta-glucose molecules bond, they form straight ... chains.

Answer 42

cellulose

Question 43

The cellulose chains are linked together by hydrogen bonds, to form strong fibres called ...

Answer 43

microfibrils

Question 44

The strong fibres mean ... provides structural support for cells.

Answer 44

cellulose