3,5,6

Question 1

ERP

Answer 1

Number of electrodes placed on scalp to measure brain activity. Participants perform task.

Question 2

PET

Answer 2

Radioactive tracer injected into patients.

Question 3

MEG

Answer 3

Electrical activity tracker.

Question 4

TMS

Answer 4

Turns neutrons on and off.

Question 5

Glias

Answer 5

cells that support neutrons.

Question 6

Glias: Astrocytes

Answer 6

creates blood-brain barrier, influences communication between neutrons and heals brain damage.

Question 7

Glias: Oligodendroglia

Answer 7

provides myelin to speed up transmission of neurones.

Question 8

Glias: Microglia

Answer 8

cleans up dead cells preventing infection.

Question 9

Dendrites

Answer 9

receive information from other neurones and sensory receptors.

Question 10

Cell body

Answer 10

receives information from dendrites; if there is enough stimulation, the information is passed to the axon.

Question 11

Axon

Answer 11

carries neuron message to the terminal buttons.

Question 12

Myelin sheath

Answer 12

type of glial cell that covers segments of axon to speed neural impulses.

Question 13

Terminal buttons

Answer 13

Form Junctions of axons with other cells; releasing neural transmitters

Question 14

Resting Potential

Answer 14

negative on the inside (-70)

Question 15

Where does AP travel?

Answer 15

AP travels from soma to terminal buttons

Question 16

Action Potential

Answer 16

when a neurones fires; ion channels regulate number of ions inside and outside of the axon.

Question 17

Nodes of Ravier

Answer 17

bare axon between areas wrapped in myelin sheath.

Question 18

Do neurotransmitter cites and receptor cites have to fit together?

Answer 18

Yes.

Question 19

Neurotransmitter Agonist

Answer 19

Mimics neurotransmitters

Question 20

Neurotransmitter antagonist

Answer 20

opposes action of neurotransmitter

Question 21

Postsynaptic

Answer 21

neurotransmitters bind to receptors - ions flow

Question 22

Excitatory

Answer 22

depolarize the neurones - increased likelihood of AP

Question 23

Inhibitory

Answer 23

decreases likelihood of AP

Question 24

Neuroplasticity

Answer 24

the brains ability to make new neural connections.

Question 25

Afferent

Answer 25

Neurons - Body - Spine

Question 26

Efferent

Answer 26

Neurons - CNS - PNS

Question 27

Reflex Circuit

Answer 27

Interneuron - sensory - motor

Question 28

Hindbrain includes

Answer 28

RF, Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum

Question 29

Parkinsons disease developed in which part of the brain?

Answer 29

Midbrain

Question 30

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 30

thinking, memory, mood, morality, vision

Question 31

Neocortex

Answer 31

Sensory, motor and higher level of thinking

Question 32

Sensory Receptor Cells

Answer 32

transmits environmental stimuli into neural impulses

Question 33

Sensory Transduction

Answer 33

converts sensory data into a neural impulse the brain can read

Question 34

Absolute Threshold

Answer 34

smallest amount of stimuli needed to detect

Question 35

Difference Threshold

Answer 35

minimal difference needed to notice a difference between stimuli

Question 36

Sensory Coding

Answer 36

Neurons can only do APs

Question 37

Anatomical Coding

Answer 37

different features of stimulus are needed by different neurones

Question 38

Temporal Coding

Answer 38

Different features are coded by neurones activity pattern. Firing faster or slower communicates intensity

Question 39

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 39

Repeated stimulation of sensory leads to future reduced response.

Question 40

Bottom-up Processing

Answer 40

raw data from environment to turn into impulses. (EFFORT)

Question 41

Top-down Processing

Answer 41

beings in the mind led by cognitive processes memory and expectation. (EASY)

Question 42

Olfactory (smell) Transduction

Answer 42

binds odorants to neural impulses

Question 43

Pathways of Olfactory

Answer 43

Olfactory cilia - neural impulse - olfactory nerve - olfactory bulb

Question 44

Papillae

Answer 44

contain taste buds

Question 45

Gustation

Answer 45

taste

Question 46

Somatosensory Receptors

Answer 46

free nerve endings on the surface of the skin. pressure and pain

Question 47

Meissners Corpuscles

Answer 47

Located on hairless skin. sensitive

Question 48

Merkels Discs

Answer 48

located near skins surface. light to moderate pressure.

Question 49

Ruffinis Organs

Answer 49

deep in skin, heavy pressure, movement of joints

Question 50

Pacinian receptors

Answer 50

deep in the skin, vibrations and heavy pressure.

Question 51

Fast pathway

Answer 51

myelinated axons. sharp and localized pain is felt quicker

Question 52

Slow pathway

Answer 52

unmyelinateud axons. burning pain is slower to be felt

Question 53

Gate Control Theory

Answer 53

patterns of neural activity can close a "gate" that prevents messages from reaching the pain part of the brain

Question 54

Sound Waves

Answer 54

vibrations in the air

Question 55

Frequency

Answer 55

number of cycles per second in a wave

Question 56

Amplitude

Answer 56

the magnitude of a wave. determines loudness

Question 57

Pinna

Answer 57

funnels sound

Question 58

Eardrum

Answer 58

vibrates sound waves

Question 59

Ossicles, hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Answer 59

transmit vibrations to the inner ear

Question 60

Bascillar Membrane

Answer 60

contains auditory receptor cells

Question 61

Tonotopic Maps. How does sound travel the brain?

Answer 61

Brainstem - thalamus - auditory cortex

Question 62

Place theory (Heinholtz)

Answer 62

different sound frequencies activate different regions of bascillar membrane.

Question 63

Frequency Theory (Rutherford)

Answer 63

Different sound frequencies are converted into different rates of AP

Question 64

Travelling Wave Theory (Von Beskey)

Answer 64

Place theory and frequency theory combined

Question 65

Visual Transduction

Answer 65

process of converting light (photons) into neural impulses

Question 66

Retina

Answer 66

photoreceptors send axons to the optic disk. rods and cones are in the retina

Question 67

Recall

Answer 67

different wavelengths = different colours. (RBG)

Question 68

Trichromatic theory

Answer 68

we has three types of colour receptors

Question 69

Colour Vision

Answer 69

Four primary colours belong to opposing pairs. Takes place in the ganglion cells in the retina.

Question 70

Opponent process theory

Answer 70

both types of cells fire at a steady rate when NOT stimulated

Question 71

What Pathway - Visual Agnosia

Answer 71

damage to the what pathway. cannot recognize objects

Question 72

What Pathway - Prosopognosia

Answer 72

form of visual agnosia in which people cannot recognize faces

Question 73

Where Pathway - Hemi Neglect

Answer 73

damage to the where pathway. people ignore one side of their visual pathway

Question 74

Binocular Cues

Answer 74

cues from both eyes

Question 75

Binocular: Retinal Disparity

Answer 75

Different images are cast on the retinas

Question 76

Binocular: Convergence

Answer 76

eyes ore inward/outward to focus

Question 77

Monocular: Elevation

Answer 77

things that are higher are perceived farther

Question 78

Monocular: Texture gradient

Answer 78

closer things are clearer

Question 79

fMRI

Answer 79

tracks flow of info rather than static imaging (MRI)