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Flashcards in 3) American Revolution Deck (47)
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1
Q

Why did the British Crown accumulate significant debt after the Seven Years War?

A

Because war was expensive, and cities got destroyed.

2
Q

What did King George III do as a way to pay the debt?

A

He imposed taxes on the colonies.

3
Q

What did the British government do in 1764?

A

They urged merchants in the Thirteen Colonies to trade only with the mother country.

4
Q

What did the government impose between 1764-1767?

A

New taxation laws of goods coming into and leaving the colonies.

5
Q

What new taxes on British products were imposed?

A

The sugar act, the stamp act and the townshend act.

6
Q

What was the sugar act?

A

The price of sugar, and any commodities (products ready to be used) shipped to them, went up.

7
Q

What was the stamp act?

A

Colonists were forced to pay for a stamp to be placed in documents circulating throughout the colony.

8
Q

What was the townshend act?

A

Taxes were placed on imported products (needs to be made) such as glass and tea.

9
Q

How did the Thirteen Colonies react to the new taxations?

A

They were infuriated. The colonial slogan for anger over taxes was “no taxation without representation”.

10
Q

What did the slogan, no taxation without representation mean?

A

It meant that the mother country couldn’t tax a colony because they had no elective officials.

11
Q

What new act was imposed in 1773?

A

The Tea act.

12
Q

Who now has a monopoly on tea trading?

A

The British East India company (owned by the mother country). They no longer had to pay taxes.

13
Q

What did this mean?

A

The East India company could sell tea at a lower price than its competitors, the Thirteen Colonies.

14
Q

How did the colonists of the Thirteen Colonies respond to the Tea act?

A

They stormed three ships anchored on Boston Harbour and threw chests of tea overboard. This turned the harbour black with tea. It was called the Boston Tea Party.

15
Q

What did the British parliament adopt in 1774?

A

They adopted another set of laws in response to the growing unrest in the Thirteen Colonies.

16
Q

What were these laws called?

A

Colonists from the Thirteen Colonies called them “Intolerable Acts”, because they wouldn’t tolerate it. London called them “Coercive Acts”, to make someone do something.

17
Q

What was the Massachusetts Government Act?

A

The inhabitants of Massachusetts could no longer elect their government. Public assemblies could not be held without permission of the British authorities.

18
Q

What was the administration of justice act?

A

British public servants in the colony who committed a crime punishable by death were asked to be tried in London.

19
Q

What was the Boston Port Act?

A

The Boston Harbor was closed until the destroyed chests of tea had been reimbursed. They stopped giving resources so that their economy would crash.

20
Q

What was the Quartering Act?

A

The unoccupied buildings in the colony would be given to British soldiers. It brought more soldiers.

21
Q

What was the Quebec Act?

A

The expansion of the territory of the Province of Quebec. The reinstatement of French civil law and recognition to the Catholic religion was unacceptable to the colonists in the Thirteen Colonies.

22
Q

What did representatives of the 13 colonies meet in Philadelphia for?

A

In order to respond to the intolerable acts.

23
Q

What was the response?

A

The response was to organize a resistance movement.

24
Q

What form did the revolution of fighting begin in?

A

In the form of skirmishes, small fights.

25
Q

Where were the first shots fired?

A

Massachusetts.

26
Q

Who was Thomas Gage?

A

Governor General of Massachusetts.

27
Q

What did Thomas Gage do?

A

Thomas Gage sent a small group of soldiers to take hold of illegal arms in the town if Concord, near Boston.

28
Q

What happened to Gage’s movement?

A

The news leaked and a small militia force met Gage at Lexington.

29
Q

Who succeeded at Lexington?

A

The British, but on the way back from Concord, the British were met with a large militia resistance.

30
Q

What did the militia do?

A

The militia force used guerilla warfare and ambushed British forces.

31
Q

What were Snipers and what did they do?

A

It was a new military unit, they took a large amount of British forces, and sent them to a retreat.

32
Q

What happened when the British regrouped at Lexington?

A

Gage was joined by another support column and returned to Boston safely?

33
Q

What happened back in Boston?

A

News of the assault on Gage at Lexington spread through Massachusetts. Gage’s defeat revealed how weak the British military was, so American militia wanted to hold Boston under siege. Gage digger in and held out the siege because he was running out of options.

34
Q

What happened on May 26, 1775?

A

British reinforcements led by three British generals arrived to relieve Gage.

35
Q

What did the American militia do?

A

They set up their own army and appointed George Washington as commander in chief.

36
Q

What was the Battle of Bunker Hill?

A

Gage went to reclaim parts of Massachusetts, which included hilltop positions looking over Boston. The Americans heard about the plan and fortified positions with the oncoming attack.

37
Q

What was the outcome of bunker hill?

A

It was a military disaster. It took 2 hours for British troops to move under heavy fire from the American Militia, who changed their name to Continental Army. It took three waves of British men to finally capture the hill.

38
Q

Why were the British only successful during the third wave?

A

Because the Americans were running low on supplies.

39
Q

What were the casualties of the British after capturing Bunker Hill?

A

226 British soldiers were killed and 828 were injured.

40
Q

What did this victory do for the British?

A

It set the British back in war a year later, which gave the Americans a year to fortify and gather organized military strength.

41
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence signed and what did it to for the Americans?

A

It was signed on July 4th, 1776 and it made the Thirteen Colonies independent and they called themselves United States of America.

42
Q

Who was the Declaration of Independence written by?

A

Thomas Jefferson

43
Q

Who was it influenced by?

A

John Locke, who was an advocate for the natural rights and freedoms of man.

44
Q

How many colonies approved for the separation from Great Britain?

A

12 of the 13 approved for the separation.

45
Q

How long did the war of independence continue for?

A

5 years.

46
Q

What was signed on September 3, 1783?

A

The treaty of paris, signed by Great Britain and America which made America independant.

47
Q

What was signed on that same day?

A

The treaty of Versailles, which ended all conflicts between France, America and Spain.