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N5 Modern Studies > 🌎| 3. Attempts to Resolve Terrorism > Flashcards

🌎| 3. Attempts to Resolve Terrorism Flashcards

1
Q

Military Attempts by Countries

A
  • Somalian National Army
  • Danab
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2
Q

Non-Military Attempts by Countries

A
  • Saameynta
  • Turkey Helping Somalia
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3
Q

Military Attempts by Organisations

A
  • African Union (AU)
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
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4
Q

Non-Military Attempts by Organisations

A
  • The World Food Programme (WFP)
  • United Nations Aid to Refugees
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5
Q

Why Organisation Attempts Have Been Unsuccessful

A
  • Somalia’s Lack of Control
  • Danger in Somalia
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6
Q

Why Organisation Attempts Have Been Successful

A
  • AU Large Number of Soldiers
  • Support from Somalian People
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7
Q

Consequences of Unsuccessful Organisation Attempts

A
  • Food Insecurity in Somalia
  • Somalian Refugees
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8
Q

Consequences of Successful Organisation Attempts

A
  • Improvement of Life for Somalians
  • Areas Freed from Al-Shabaab Control
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9
Q

Military Attempts by Countries

Somalian National Army

A
  • One military response to terrorism is by the Somalian National Army.
  • The Somali National Army (SNA) is a professional military force made up of about 20,000 troops, and is responsible for maintaining security in the country and combating Al Shabaab.
  • For example, After the attack on Somalia’s capital MogadishuIt in 2022 the SNA retaliated by attacking the Al Shabbab in the sky and on the ground.
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10
Q

Military Attempts by Countries

Danab

A
  • One military response to terrorism is the Danab Unit.
  • Danab is a special forces unit in Somalia that was trained and funded by the United States government to fight against the extremist group Al-Shabaab. They use advanced technology to identify al Shabaab targets, which are then attacked by drone strikes and/or Danab Special Forces.
  • For example, Danab has conducted successful raids that have disrupted the activities of Al-Shabaab, including the killing of senior Al Shabaab comanders.
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11
Q

Non-Military Attempts by Countries

Saameynta

A
  • One Non-Military response to terrorism is the Saameynta project.
  • In 2022, the Somali Government started a new project called “Saameynta” to help more than 75,000 people who have been forced to leave their homes to escape Al Shabaab.
  • For example, the project will involve building longer-term settlements (as an alternative to refugee camps) for displaced people, which will have access to basic services like water, shelter and health care.
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12
Q

Non-Military Attempts by Countries

Turkey Helping Somalia

A
  • One non-military response to terrorism is Turkey helping Somalia.
  • Turkey has provided the most assistance to Somalia in recent years. Turkey is hoping to help Somalia recover from the conflict with Al Shabaab and sees it as a potential trading partner in the future
  • For example, Turkey gave more than $350 million in aid in 2022. Much of this was donated by Turkish civilians, and has been used to build roads, schools, hospitals and mosques.
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13
Q

Military Attempts by Organisations

African Union (AU)

A
  • One military response to terrorism by an organisation is protection of Somalia by the African Union.
  • The AU is like a African version of the European Union (EU). It has 55 member countries who all cooperate to promote peace and development in Africa. The AU work in Somalia with the aim of protecting Somalia’s Government and key infrastructure (including its airports and seaports) from Al Shabaab.
  • For example, the AU now has 22,000 soldiers which makes it bigger than the SNA and increases their ability to protect Somalia from Al-Shabaab.
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14
Q

Military Attempts by Organisations

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)

A
  • One military response to terrorism by organisations is by NATO.
  • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) is a military alliance that is based on the collective idea of defence. NATO troops train and assist the Afghan forces to deal with a terrorist attack should one happen.
  • For example, NATO has 16,000 troops in from 39 countries in Afghanistan working to prevent terrorism
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15
Q

Non-Military Attempts by Organisations

The World Food Programme (WFP)

A
  • One non-military response to terrorism by an organisation is The World Food Programme.
  • The World Food Programme (WFP) works in Somalia to address basic food needs. This helps to relieve some of Somalia’s humanitarian problems that they have been facing for many years now are due to the Al Shabaab conflict and ongoing terrorist acts.
  • For example, WFP helped to feed 5.3 million vulnerable people in Somalia in 2021.
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16
Q

Non-Military Attempts by Organisations

United Nations Aid to Refugees

A
  • One non-military response to terrorism by an organisation is the United Nations aid to refugees.
  • The UN provide non-military responses by providing aid to refugees who have been displaced due to terrorists like Al-Shabaab. Some people have been helped to return home from countries such as Kenya as Al Shabaab have been driven out of their home areas.
  • For example, the UNHCR has been providing support to Somali refugees and have helped over 3 million people.
17
Q

Why Organisation Attempts Have Been Unsuccessful

Somalia’s Lack of Control

A
  • One reason why attempts to tackle terrorism in Somalia by the UN has been unsuccessful is because the Somali government only controls parts of the country
  • Al Shabaab controls a lot of the territory in Somalia and can restrict movement of UN aid in to parts of the country. They also demand Somali people support them in order to get aid.
  • For example, the Al Shabaab demand that a Somali family give over one of their sons to help fight for them in order to receive aid.
18
Q

Why Organisation Attempts Have Been Unsuccessful

Danger in Somalia

A
  • One reason why attempts to tackle terrorism in Somalia by the UN has been unsuccessful is that UN workers are in danger.
  • The conflict with Al Shabaab has made Somalia a very dangerous place for UN workers. UN staff cannot travel freely around Somalia and need to be accompanied by soldiers which means it is hard to reach those who are in need.
  • For example, in 2022 there was an increase in deaths by 43,000 in Somalia suggesting that emergency aid did not get through.
19
Q

Why Organisation Attempts Have Been Successful

AU Large Number of Soldiers

A
  • One reason why attempts to tackle terrorism in Somalia by the AU has been successful is due to their large amount of soldiers.
  • The AU mission has been successful in fighting the Al Shabaab as it has large numbers of soldiers from many countries. The AU mission include troops from 6 African countries as well as European and American troops.
  • For example, there is around 22,000 AU troops which makes it bigger than the Somalia National Army
20
Q

Why Organisation Attempts Have Been Successful

Support from Somalian People

A
  • One reason why attempts to tackle terrorism in Somalia by the AU has been successful is because it has the support of the Somali people.
  • Many Somalis are fed up with Al Shabaab and want the conflict to end so are very co operative with the AU.
  • For example, beaches and cafes in the capital city of Somalia are now open and busy on the weekends when 10 years ago this was impossible.
21
Q

Consequences of Unsuccessful Organisation Attempts

Food Insecurity in Somalia

A
  • A consequence of the lack of success by the AU in fighting the Al Shabaab is that many Somali people are food insecure.
  • Somali people are not currently starving but are at risk of this if Al Shabaab get more territory.
  • For example, according to the WFP over half of the Somali population is food insecure as of May 2023.
22
Q

Consequences of Unsuccessful Organisation Attempts

Somalian Refugees

A
  • A consequence of the unsuccessful attempts is that many Somali people are refugees.
  • Many of these people are living in refugee camps in neighbouring countries where the conditions are harsh.
  • For example, there are 200,000 Somali people living in camps in Kenya.
23
Q

Consequences of Successful Organisation Attempts

Improvement of Life for Somalians

A
  • A consequence of a successful attempt is that Somalia life has improved for ordinary people.
  • Protection by AU soldiers has provided a more secure environment for people living in Somalia, allowing for a return to normality to a certain extent.
  • For example, beaches and cafes in the capital city of Somalia are now open and busy on the weekends when 10 years ago this was impossible.
24
Q

Consequences of Successful Organisation Attempts

Areas Freed from Al-Shabaab Control

A
  • A consequence of a successful attempt is that areas of Somalia have been freed from Al Shabaab control
  • AU soldiers have successfully gained control of parts of Somalia from Al-Shabaab. The plan is for AU soldiers to work with the SNA to regain all areas from Al Shabaab control by the end of 2024.
  • For example, so far parts of central Somalia have been won back by the AU from the terrorist group and 3,000 Al Shabaab fighters have been killed.

N5 Modern Studies (22 decks)

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