3 Bronchi, Lungs, Pleura and Diaphragm Flashcards
(33 cards)
Q: What is the bronchial tree comprised of? (4)
A: -trachea
- primary (main) bronchi (left and right)
- lobar (secondary) bronchi
- segmental (tertiary) bronchi
Q: What is the main airway from the nose and mouth? Where does it extend from? What holds it open? Lowest part has?
A: trachea
- vertebral level C6 to T4/5
- C-shaped cartilage rings with open part facing posteriorly
- lowest ring has a hook- carina
Q: What occurs at the carina? What other structure is present? Angle?
A: trachea divides into 2 main bronchi where the hook goes around inferiorly underneath
get sub carinal lymph nodes inferiorly
subcarinal angle is clinically relevant as it can change over time and show a cancerous growth below
Q: Where do the primary bronchi form? How do the left and right differ?
A: -T4/5
-right is wider and more vertical than left
Q: Where do the lobar bronchi form? Role? How do the right and left differ?
A: -within the lungs
- supply the lobes of the lungs
- 2 lobes on left and 3 on right usually
Q: What’s the role of the segmental bronchi? Removal? why? (3)
A: supply the bronchopulmonary segments (independent units of lung tissue)
can be removed surgically without affecting others (have own blood/nerve/lymph supply)
Q: Draw lateral view of both lungs including how they separate into lobes. Label posterior and anterior aspect.
A: REFER
Q: Lungs are essential organs of? Where are they situated? (2) What separates the left and right lung? What connects them? (2)
A: -respiration
- thorax, each lies in own pleural activity
- by heart and other contents of the mediastinum
- attachment to heart via pulmonary vessels and trachea at the lung root (hilum)
Q: What is the hilum of a lung? consist of (include what they carry)? (7) Found where? (2) Enveloped in?
A: ROOT OF LUNG= relatively complicated structures that consists of structures that enter and exit lungs:
- principle bronchus
- pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood from RV)
- 2 pulmonary veins (oxygented blood to LA)
- bronchial arteries (oxygenated blood from descending aorta)
- bronchial veins
- pulmonary plexus of nerves (autonomic)
- lymph vessels and nodes
on the medial aspect of each lung- above and behind cardiac impression of medial/mediastinal surface
in pleura
Q: What is the shape of the lungs? (2) Where is the apex? (2) Where does the base rest?
A: conical at top and concave at bottom
- thoracic inlet oblique (up in neck)
- rises 3-4cm above level of first costal cartilage
-convex surface of diaphragm
Q: What are the 3 borders of the lungs? 3 surfaces?
A: edges
-anterior, posterior (contact with thoracic vertebrae), inferior
-costal (in contact with ribcage), medial (mediastinal), inferior (diaphragmatic)
Q: What does the diaphragm separate? (2-1,3)
A: -right lung from right lobe of liver
-left lung from left lobe of liver, stomach and spleen
Q: Describe the anterior aspect of the lung. Accommodates? Difference between left and right side?
A: deeply concave
-accommodates the heart- cardiac impression larger on L than R because of heart impression
Q: Sketch the medistinal aspect of the left lung and label.
A: REFER
vertebrae LUNG sternum
- 2 lobes with a top left to bottom right line
- groove in superior one for subclavian artery and veins
- indentation from aorta clockwise from top to bottom left around hilum
Q: Sketch the hilum of the left lung and show where the structures it includes lie. (8)
A: P shape REFER (long side is on vertebral side)
pulmonary artery
bronchial artery | primary bronchus | pulmonary vein
lymph node | lymph node
airway
pulmonary ligament (inferior fold of pleura)
Q: What makes up the left lung? (3) Components include? (2,1)
A: superior and inferior lobe separated oblique fissure
- superior = lying above fissure and includes apex and most anterior part of lung
- inferior = contains most posterior part
Q: What makes up the right lung? (5) Size?
A: 3 lobes- superior, middle inferior
separated by oblique fissure (inferior from other 2) and horizontal fissure (superior from middle)
slightly bigger than left lung
Q: What is the pulmonary trunk? Shape?
A: major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs
long and goes across on upper side of heart
Q: What is the pleura? made of? (2) What does it allow?
A: thin layer of flattened cells supported by connective tissue that lines each pleural cavity and covers the exterior of the lungs
is collapsed but moist surfaces allow lungs to glide as they expand and collapse
Q: Describe the layers of the pleura.Structure of layers.
A: 1 layers
- visceral pleura: covers surface lungs and lines fissures between lobes
- parietal pleura: lines in surface of chest walls
continuous with eachother around the root of the ling (hilum)
Q: What is breathing controlled by and what produces it? What does it cause? to?
A: -nervous system, skeletal muscle
-brings about inhalation and exhalation of air into and out of lungs to ventilate the gas exchange areas- alveolar sacs
Q: When is the large costo-diaphragmatic recess of the pleura free of lung?
A: when not at maximal inspiration
Q: How can the capacity of the thoracic cavity be increased? (2)
A: -movements of the diaphragm
-movement of ribs
Q: What is the mechanism of breathing? (2)
A: -pleural cavity is expanded by muscles in walls
-elastic lungs expand with pleural cavity, sucking air down trachea and bronchi into lungs
