3: Cardiac Pathology 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Leading cause of death in the US
Heart disease
What determines dominance pattern of blood supply to the heart?
Supply of lower posterior heart thru posterior descending artery (PDA) - can be right, left, or co-dominant
What vessel pattern is dominant in 65-70% of hearts?
Right dominant
Most sensitive and specific biomarkers of myocardial damage (2)
Troponin T and I (cTnT, cTnI)
Primary and secondary pacemaker of the heart
Primary: SA node
Secondary: AV node
What happens if SA node is damaged?
AV node takes over primary pacemaker function
Average bpm of SA vs AV node
SA: 60-100 bpm
AV: 40-60 bpm
Most common cause of sudden cardiac death
CAD -> arrhythmia -> ischemia
5 Common causes of sudden cardiac death in younger patients
- Drug abuse
- Hereditary conduction abnormalities
- Hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy
- Myocarditis
- Mitral valve prolapse
What happens in diastolic vs systolic dysfunction
Diastolic: loss of ability to fill ventricles
Systolic: loss of myocardial contractile function
Three most common causes of left sided heart failure (CHF)
- Ischemic heart disease
- HTN
- L-sided valve disease
Normal amount and color of pericardial fluid
<50mL of clear/straw colored fluid
What type of tumors are myxomas, lipomas, papillary fibroelastomas, and rhabdomyomas?
Benign
Most common malignant tumor of the heart
Angiosarcoma
Most common cardiac tumor in adults**
Myxoma
Most common cardiac tumor in children**
Rhabdomyoma
Four things in McCune-Albright syndrome
- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- Cafe au last spots
- Endocrine abnormalities
- Myxomas
Mutation in McCune-Albright syndrome vs Carney complex
McCune Albright: GNAS1
Carney: PRKAR1A null mutation
Carney complex: three things
- Skin lentigines
- Endocrine dysfunction
- Myxomas
What is more common than a primary tumor of the heart?
Metastases from lung, breast, melanoma, or lymphoma
Five effects of tumors in the heart
- Mass effect -> limits filling
- Decreased contractility
- Pericardial effusion
- SVC syndrome
- Circulating mediators/hormones
Heart transplant survival at 1 year vs 5 yrs
1yr: 90%
5yrs: >70%
List of changes in the aging heart**
- Reduction in elasticity/compliance
- Valves: calcification, stenosis, prolapse
- Chambers: LV size reduction, atrial dilation
- Atherosclerosis
- Increase in epicardial fat
- Lipofuscin + amyloid accumulates
- Basophilic degeneration + myocytes loss
Most common cause of arrhythmia**
Ischemic heart disease
