3. Congenital Defects Flashcards
Name 4 acyanotic cardiac defects.
Atrial septal defect and Patent foramen ovale
Coarctation of aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Name 3 cyanotic defects.
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of the great vessels
Tricuspid atresia
Acyanotic defects shunt in which direction?
left to right
Cyanotic defects shunt in which direction?
right to left
What is the effect of an atrial septal defect?
L to R
Increased pulmonary blood flow
RV volume overload
Eventual right sided HF
What is the effect of a ventricular septal defect?
L to R
volume overload in RV, pulmonary circulation, left atrium, and LV
pulmonary venous congestion
pulmonary hypertension
What is coarctation of aorta?
Narrowing in the region of the ligamentum artiosum (remnant of ductus arterosus)
What is the effect of coarctation of the aorta?
LV faces increased afterload, LV hypertrophy
Blood flow to head and upper limb is preserved because the vessels supplying these areas usually branch off the aorta proximal to the obstruction, but flow to the lower extremities decreased
What are the 4 defects in tetralogy of fallot ?
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
Septal defect -interventricular
Hypertrophy of RV
What is tricuspid atresia?
Complete failure of tricuspid valve formation
How is the RV affected by tricuspid atresia?
Undersized or absent as lack of blood flow will prevent development.
What adaptations will occur in tricuspid atresia?
R to L atrial shunt of entire venous return
Blood flow to lungs via patent ductus arteriosus
What happens in transposition of the great arteries?
Deoxygenated blood returning from the right side of the heart is pumped back around systemic circulation.
Oxygenated blood from the lungs is pumped back to the lungs.
2 independent circuits.
Before surgical correction, what must be maintained in a baby with transposition of the great arteries?
Ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale
Turners syndrome is associated with which cardiac defect?
Coarctation of the aorta
