3. Construction Phase - Field Functions Flashcards
1
Q
Purpose of Field Review
A
- Monitor contractor’s performance maintaining schedule and standards of quality.
- Provide guidance to contractor by interpreting contract documents and issuing Supplementary Instructions.
- Fulfill the performance standards of general rview as required by client-architect agreement, AHJ, OAQ.
2
Q
All field functions should follow these principles: (6)
A
- Describe to client architect’s duties and role (construction phase).
- Keep client well-informed of the progress, copies of field review reports
- Ensure consultants review their portion of work
- Avoid words “inspect” & “supervise” in documents.
- Keep documentation: reports, logs, photographs, tapes.
- Good communications with contractor & building officials.
3
Q
Is architect responsible for exhaustive inspections, construction methods or construction safety?
A
No, but he should understand workplace safety and practice “due diligence” on site.
4
Q
Why would the architect go to site?
A
- field review
- site meetings
- interpret contract documents / resolve problems
- observe testing
- review samples / mock ups
- meet with consultatns, contractor, client re progress
- determine % work completed (prepare Certificate)
5
Q
What is the Contractor responsible for? (6)
A
- construction schedule
- quality of construction
- construction methods
- workplace safety
- supervising crew
- coordinating sub-contractors
6
Q
Who is assigned to manage the site by the Contractor?
A
A site superintendent.
7
Q
If an unsafe or life-threatening situation is observed, the architect should..
A
Immediately notivy the Contractor and record the observation.
Otherwise, he can be liable for contributory negligence and responsible in tort.
If problem is not corrected, architect should follow up with contractor and owner in writing.
Contractor is solely responsible for workplace safety.
8
Q
A field report should contain the following items:
A
Report name and the architect’s project number
The field report number
Date and time of observations, and the weather conditions at the site
Number of workers present at the site or an estimate number, if the project is large
Observations made, including problems
Estimate of the conformance with the schedule and the estimated percent of completion
Items to verify and action or information required
A list of any attachments, and the name of the person making the report
9
Q
Two situation where work may have to be uncovered
A
1) Work has been covered contrary to architect’s request or requirements of contract documents
Work must be uncovered and examined by architect.
Work is paid by contractor.
2) Architect has not specifically requested to examine work that has already been covered
If work is found to conform, owner must pay for uncovering expenses and replacement through change order
If work does not conform, it must be corrected and replaced, and must be paid by contractor. However, if owner or separate contractor caused the unsatisfactory work, the owner must pay the cost
10
Q
When tests and inspections are required by the contract documents, or by laws ore regulations, who is responsible for making arrangements with testing agencies?
A
Contractor
Contractor must pay for the tests and must give the architect timely notice of when and where the test is to be made so that the architect can observe the procedure
11
Q
If architect, owner, or public authorities require additional testing beyond what is required in the contract documents, what is the proper procedure?
A
Architect should instruct the contractor to make arrangements, but only after written authorization from the owner
Owner pays for tests
12
Q
If the owner or contractor has a dispute or makes a claim, the architect must take certain preliminary action within ___ days of receipt of the claim. Such action may include…
A
10 days
a) requesting additional supporting data from the claimant
b) suggesting a compromise
c) accepting the claim
d) rejecting the claim
e) advising the parties that the architect is unable to resolve the calim because of a lack of sufficient information, ot that it would be inappropriate for the architect to resolve the claim
13
Q
If the architect asks either the owner or the contractor to respond to a claim or provide additional information, that person must respond within 10 days and must either…
A
1) give the response or information
2) tell the architect when the response will be furnished
3) tell the architect that no supporting data will be provided
14
Q
What are the two most common types of claims?
A
1) claims for additional time
2) claims for concealed or unknown conditions
15
Q
Claims for additional time
A
Occurs when contractor feels that extra time is needed
Contractor must provide amount of time and estimated cost
If weather is basis for the claim, contractor must provide evidence of abnormal weather conditions and prove it could not be reasonably anticipated
16
Q
Claims for concealed or unknown conditions
A
Occurs when surprises are found on the job site
Contractor must make claim for additional time or money
To be valid, unknown conditions must be, 1) subsurface in nature, physically concealed, 2)must be of an unusual nature that is different from what would ordinarily be found for the project type
example: test borings may indicate a standard type of soil. if a large boulder is discovered, it may require blasting or special excavation techniques, thus requiring more money
Must be made within 21 days of discovery
17
Q
During progress payments of a project, the architect is responsible for…
A
…making sure that the amounts requested are consistent with the amount of work actually done and the amount of materials installed
18
Q
What is the purpose of a holdback?
A
Gives the owner leverage in making sure the job is completed and can be used to provide money to satisfy lien claims
19
Q
Reasons for an architect to withold payment to contractor:
A
- defective work not remedied
- third party claims or evidence of probability of third party claims
- failure of the contractor to make payments to subcontractors
- reasonable evidence that the work cannot be completed for the unpaid balance of the contract sum
- damage to the owner or another contractor
- reasonable evidence that the work will not be completed on time and that the unpaid balance will not be sufficient to cover damages due to the delay
- persistant failure of the contractor to carry out the work in accordance with the contract documents
20
Q
Before the final certificate of payment can be issued to contractor, the contractor must submit the following items:
A
- an affidavit that payrolls, materials, and other debts for which the owner might be responsible have been paid
- a certificate showing that insurance required by the contract documents to remain in force after final payment will not be canceled or allowed to expire without at least 30 days written notice to the owner
- a written statement that the contractor known of no reason that the insurance will not be renewed
- the consent of the surety to final payment, if applicable
- any other data required by the owner
21
Q
Shop drawings for dormitory windows have been prepared by the manufacturer, checked by the local distributor, and reviewed and approved by the contractor and the architect. During installation, it is discovered that the quantity of windows as indicated on the shop drawings is one less than that shown in the contract documents. Who is responsible for the discrepancy?
a) The architect
b) The manufacturer
c) The distributor
d) The contractor
A
d) The contractor
22
Q
On- site field observations by the architect are made to determine which of the following? Check the three that apply.
A. The progress and quality of the work
B. The amount work completed for progress payment
C. The techniques of the construction being utilized
D. Whether the work is being performed according to contract documents
E. Whether the contractor is following the proper sequence of installation
F. Whether the contractor is following proper safety procedures
A
A. The progress and quality of the work
B. The amount work completed for progress payment
D. Whether the work is being performed according to contract documents
23
Q
The contractor for a project submits to the architect
shop drawings that contain deviations from the contract documents not noted as deviations on the shop drawings. The drawings are then approved and returned to the contractor by the architect. Which of the following is true in this situation?
a) The contractor assumes responsibility for deviations from the contract documents.
b) The contractor is allowed to build according to the approved shop drawings containing deviations.
c) The architect assumes responsibility for deviations
from the contract documents because the architect approved the shop drawings.
d) The owner must be informed of all deviations from and alterations to the contract documents.
A
a) The contractor assumes responsibility for deviations from the contract documents.
24
Q
At a project site, the architect notices the mechanical subcontractor unloading equipment for which shop drawings have not been received. The architect’s most appropriate first course of action is to
a) stop the unloading at once and report the incident to the owner
b) advise the general contractor that the equipment is subject to rejection pending the architect’s review
c) ask whether the shop drawings are in the subcontractor’s possession
d) inspect the equipment to determine whether it meets the requirements set forth in the project specifications
A
b) advise the general contractor that the equipment is subject to rejection pending the architect’s review
25
During a concrete pour, a portion of the third floor of a project collapses because of inadequate shoring. The architect informs the contractor that work in the area of the collapse will not be approved until the architect can fully evaluate the impact of the failure on adjacent work in place. The contractor states that the architect will be held responsible for the cost of delays unless the analysis is performed within 24 hours. The architect should
a) perform as complete and thorough an analysis as possible within 24 hours
b) perform a complete analysis in a timely manner and make it clear that the contractor will be responsible for the schedule
c) put the owner on notice that the owner may have to pay additional costs for an extended completion date
d) allow the contractor to proceed with work in the adjacent area so that no time is lost
b) perform a complete analysis in a timely manner and make it clear that the contractor will be responsible for the schedule
26
When delivering brick to the site, the supplier offloaded the bricks at a point very distant from where they are needed. The contractor requests an extra for relocating the brick. The architect should
a) reject the request for an extra on the grounds that it is the contractor’s responsibility
b) require the brick supplier to relocate the brick
c) prepare an appropriate change order giving the contractor a contract increase for relocating the brick
d) prepare an addendum to the contract outlining the responsibility of the brick supplier in the delivery of brick
a) reject the request for an extra on the grounds that it is the contractor’s responsibility
27
Six months after final payment, the building manager notifies the architect that an operating and maintenance manual for a key piece of equipment was never received. The architect should do which of the following?
a) Instruct the contractor to provide the manual.
b) Withhold an amount of retainage necessary to provide for the manual.
c) Suggest the building manager contact the manufacturer directly for the manual, since final payment has been made to the contractor.
d) Contact the manufacturer directly to obtain
the manual.
a) Instruct the contractor to provide the manual.
28
After occupying a portion of a building, the owner
notices a dent in a wall. The dent was not noted on the punch list prepared by the contractor and reviewed by the architect. What determination should the architect make?
a) The contractor is responsible for the repair even though it was not on the original punch list.
b) The owner has taken occupancy and is therefore responsible because the cause ofthe damage cannot be established.
c) The contractor is responsible because only a portion of the building is occupied and other construction activities continue.
d) The architect is responsible because he/she missed the damage during the original punch list walk-through.
b) The owner has taken occupancy and is therefore responsible because the cause ofthe damage cannot be established.
29
A contractor omits an item of incomplete or incorrect work from the punch list accepted by the architect.
Who is liable for the cost of completing or correcting that item when the omission is discovered?
a) The architect
b) The surety
c) The owner
d) The contractor
d) The contractor
30
An occupancy permit is
a) an agreement by the authorities that the building complies with fire, safety, and health regulations
b) certification by the architect that the building is substantially complete and may be occupied by the owner
c) legal acceptance of the building by the owner
d) the act of taking possession of the building
a) an agreement by the authorities that the building complies with fire, safety, and health regulations
31
Existing mature vegetation on a property line was inadequately protected and, consequently, damaged by a subcontractor’s excavation equipment. The owner should require which party to remedy the damages?
a The owner’s own forces
b) The subcontractor
c) The contractor, with no additional compensation
d) The contractor, with compensation for additional work administered in a change order
c) The contractor, with no additional compensation
32
After excavation, which of the following construction sequences would be likely to be the most productive?
a) Footings, walls, toilet partitions, roofing, carpet, painting
b) Concrete, structural steel, roofing, drywall, painting, carpet
c) Structural steel, concrete, walls, millwork, roofing, painting
d) Grade beams, walls, drywall, roofing, millwork, site work
b) Concrete, structural steel, roofing, drywall, painting, carpet
33
Which of the following is true of the list of incomplete work and work to be corrected?
a) It is prepared after the start of the warranty period.
b) Work listed must be completed prior to occupancy by the owner.
c) It is limited in value to one percent of the contract.
d) It is prepared to cover all trades.
d) It is prepared to cover all trades.
34
A contract allowance for building signage is established at $50,000. The signage chosen during construction costs only $45,000. The contractor should offer a credit change order for
a) $5,000
b) $5,000 minus the contractor’s expense of processing the credit
c) $5,000 minus the cost of installation, overhead, and profit
d) the cost of installation, overhead, and profit
a) $5,000
35
The contractor decided not to purchase a specific material for a project near the time of bidding because there
was no place on site to store the material and it would not be needed until months later after construction
had progressed. When the contractor did purchase the material, the price had risen by 30 percent compared to the price at the time of the bid. Which of the following is true?
o The contractor is entitled to a change order for the price increase.
o The contractor is entitled to a change order for half of the price increase.
o The contractor is entitled to a change order for the difference between the added cost of the material and the estimated value of appropriate storage space for the intervening months.
o The contractor is not entitled to a change order.
o The contractor is not entitled to a change order.
36
A contractor unbound the specifications for a project andgave specific sections to subcontractors for bidding. The contractor later discovered gaps in the overall coverage of the bids. In this situation, which of the following statements is true?
o The subcontractors should be forced to absorb the cost of the work.
o The owner should sign a change order for the omitted work.
o The architect or its insurer should pay for the cost of a change order.
o The contractor is not entitled to a change order.
o The contractor is not entitled to a change order.
37
An architect is providing full architectural and engineering design services for a new detention center. The construction contract has been signed and the contractor informs the architect that the fire-sprinkler contractor does not have the fire line from the city main to the building in the price because it was not on the drawings or in the specifications. Which of the following should be done?
o The contract amount should be adjusted by a change order.
o The fire protection subcontractor should install the fire line at no additional cost.
o The fire protection engineer is required to pay for the installation of the fire line.
o The architect should issue supplementary instructions directing the contractor to install the fire line.
o The contract amount should be adjusted by a change order.
38
During the construction phase, the owner and the contractor have a difference of opinion about the quality of the erection of the steel frame and the progress of the work. The first step that should be taken to resolve the problem is for the owner and/or the contractor to
o stop the project
o request arbitration
o consult with the steel fabricator
o request the architect’s interpretation
o request the architect’s interpretation
39
During construction, the architect realizes that the specifications did not include requirements for some nondestructive testing of welds on some of the structural steel. The city inspection department requires the contractor to perform these tests. The individual responsible for paying for the tests is the
o structural engineer
o architect
o owner
o contractor
owner
40
Final completion [total performance] of a commercial building occurred 2 weeks behind schedule. The contract contained a liquidated damages clause that required deduction of monetary damages from the final payment to the contractor. Deductions from the architect’s compensation should
a) be a percentage of the amount deducted from the payment to the contractor
b) be an amount agreed to by the owner and the architect
c) not be greater than 10 percent of the architect’s total compensation
d) not be made
d) not be made
41
The architect can decrease the amount of construction- related waste by doing which of the following? Check the four that apply.
A. Designing a materials flow plan for the contractor and user
B. Specifying recycled materials and products
C. Requiring recycled product packaging.
D. Specifying a single dumpster on site.
E. Specifying masonry construction over wood construction
F. Assisting the owner and contractor in a waste management plan
A. Designing a materials flow plan for the contractor and user
B. Specifying recycled materials and products
E. Specifying masonry construction over wood construction
F. Assisting the owner and contractor in a waste management plan
42
Which of the following is a true statement about substitutions during construction phase? Check the three that apply.
A. They may be accepted if they replace unavailable products.
B. They may be accepted if they replace unsuitable products,
C. They may be accepted if the contractor forgot to order the product.
D. They may be accepted by oral agreement between architect and contractor
E. They may be rejected as defective work if they lack proper approval or authorization.
F. They may be included in the shop drawings without official written notice
ABE
43
The bids for a new office building exceed the owner’s budget. Options available to the owner include which of the following? Check the four that apply.
oA. Give written approval for an increase in the budget
oB. Authorize rebidding or renegotiation of the project
oC. Cooperate in revising the scope or quality of the work
oD. Require the architect to modify the documents
without additional compensation once the scope is reduced
oE. Require the architect to compensate the owner for the difference between the budget and the bid
oF. Terminate the agreement without paying full for the bid documents
ABCD
44
During the construction phase, the architect is responsible for which of the following. Check the three that apply.
oA. Evaluating the change orders
oB. Endeavoring to guard against defects in the work
oC. Conducting continuous in-site inspections
oD. Determining if the work is in general conformity with the contract documents
oE. Verifying that the contractor’s construction methods and procedures are adequate
oF. Assisting the contractor in the development of safety programs and reporting methods
ABD
45
Which of the following methods CANNOT be used to make changes in the work once construction has started?
a. work modification form
b. order for minor change in the work
c. change order
d. construction change order
a. work modification form
46
When a contractor proposes a substitution of a material or method of construction that is specified in the contract documents, the archtiect's responsibility is reviewing the substitution is
a. proving that the proposed substitution is equivalent to the original
b. finding documentation that relates to the substitution
c. forwarding the request to the owner
d. approving or disapproving the request
d. approving or disapproving the request
- any request for substitution by the contracto must be made in writing and must be accompanied by a complete description of the proposed substitution, including drawings, test data
- burden of proof for substitution falls on the contractor
47
During a site visit, the architect notes that the contractor is using unapproved materials that were not originally specified. Before work can be stopped , what must occur?
- the owner must isssue a written order to the contractor to stop work
- only the owner has the right to stop work
48
building commissioning
- commissioning services are required
- it's the process of ensuring that building systems and equipment are design, installed, tested, and capable of being operated and maintained according to the owner's operational needs.
- can be provided by the same firm that originally designed the building systems being evaluated
49
commissioning plans should be established during.....
....the predesign phase, and commissioning activities will continue throughout the design, construction, and operation phases
-commissioning is requried for buildings seeking LEED certification, and this program sets its own requirements for these services
50
During Construction, the architect is obligated to visit the site to keep the client infomed about the progress and quality of work. These visits must occur how often?
- as appropriate to the stage of the contractor's operations
- site visits are part of the basic services of contract administration, but no specific time inerval for them is given in the contract
51
During a site visit, the architect notices that a worker has installed studs at 24 in oc, not 16 in oc as shown on the drawings. The authority to reject this work rests with ...
...the architect.
-architect has the authority to reject work that does not conform to the contract documents
52
The specs for a project require moisture tests for all concrete on which resilient flooring will be placed. The party responsible for the cost of the tests is ...
...the contractor
- tests, inspections, and approvals of portions of the work required by the contract documents or by laws, ordinaces, rules, and regulations are paid by the contractor
- if testing becomes required after receipt of bids or after contract negotiations and is not part of the original contract documents, then the owner becomes responsible for paying for testing
53
a pressure test on plumbing supply piping required by the specifications reveals a leak in the system. The responsibility for fixing the leak and paying for a follow-up test rests with the....
...contractor
-the contractor to be responsible for all costs made necessary by failures including costs of repeated tests.
54
A change order can be requested by whom?
architect, owner, or contractor
-the paperwork is prepared by the architect, and all three parties must agree to and sign it
55
The contractor may reasonably ask for an extension in the contract time without penalty for all of the following reasons except
a. an owner's stop work order
b. slow work by a subcontractor
c. the archtiect's delay in approving shop drawings
d. labor disputes
b. slow work by a subcontractor
- contractor is responsible for keeping the project on schedule unless there are mitigating circumstances such as strikes, fire, delays caused by the architect or owner, or other causes for delay beyond the contractor's control
56
Which parties are required to agree to a construction change directive?
architect and owner
-may or may not be agreed to by the contractor
57
during foundation construction, the property owner directs the architect to have the contractor reposition an upper-floor door by 3 ft. The wall has not yet been framed, and this relocation does not affect any other construction. The architect should notify the contractor of this change with...
...an order for a Supplemental Instruction
- ordered only when the change doesn't effect the project schedule or cost
- if wall was already framed, the change would have been carried out through a change order
58
During construction, the contractor asks the architect to approve a substitution for the lfoor tile originally specified, becayse the proposed new tile can be delivered faster. Which of the following statements are true about this request?
a. the owner's consent is required
b. if approved, the tile will not be covered by warranty
c. the substitutionmust be made with a change order
d. the architect must evaluate the request
ACD
-the contractor may make subs only with the owner's consent, after evaluation by the architect and in accordance with a change order or construction change directive
59
the issuance of a certificate for payments is not a representation that the architect has..
1) made exhaustive or constinuous on-site inspections
2) reviewed construction means, methods, techinques, sequences, or procedures
3) reviewed copies of requisitions received from subcontractors and other data
4) made examination to ascertain how or for what purpose the contracto has used money previously paid
60
When reviewing applications for payment, which of the following does the archiect do? (choose 4)
a. verify that adequate safety precautions are being observed by the contractor
b. determine if the completed work will be in accordance with the contract documents
c. become generally familiar with the progress and quality of the work
d. keep the owner informed about the progress of the work
e. check if the quantities of the installed work are as required by the contract documents
f. endeavor to guard the owner against defects in the work
BCDF
-architect is not responsible for safety at the site of for the means, methods, or techniques of construction, inlcuding verifying quantities of materials
61
During construction phase site visit, the architect notices that a finish subcontractor has not prepared the substrate for a flooring material in accordance with the standard referenced in the specs. What should be the architect's first response?
tell the contractor the work is not in conformance with the contract documents
- communication by and with subcontractors and materials suppliers shall be through the contractor
- architect should inform the contractor of the improper installation, and the contracor is responsible for coordinating the repair with the subcontractor
62
during the punch list inspection, the archtiect notices several items that are not completed and that will make it impossible for the lcient to occupy the space. Which of the following actions must the architect take
a. notify the ower of the incomplete items
b. notify the contractor that there are unfinished items that must be finished before the project will be detemriend substantially complete
c. prepare a certificate of substantial completion with a list of incomplete items attached
d. revise the punchlist and resubmit it to the contractow
b. notify the contractor that there are unfinished items that must be finished before the project will be detemriend substantially complete
63
after reviewing an application for payment, the architect decides to withhold the certificate of payment. Which of the following statements about this situation is true?
a. the archtiect needs to withhold the entire amount
b. the architect must notify the owner, who then notifies the contractor
c. the architect and contractor must agree on a revised amount
d. the archtiect can nullify a previous certificate to protect the owner
d. the archtiect can nullify a previous certificate to protect the owner
64
the contractor must submit an affidavit that all bills have been paid by the contractor before the owner's final payment is made. This affidavit must be submitted to the...
....architect
- requires various documents be submitted tot he architect prior to the final payment
- arhictect then forwards these documents to the owner while keeping a copy for the porject records
65
on completion of the work, what items must the contractor submit?
- items required by the contract documents must be submitted to the owner before the work is considered complete
- extra stock materials as listed in the specs, certificate of occupancy, warranties and operating instructions as required in notes on the mechanical drawings, all docs required with the application for final payment, maintenance contracts, set of record drawings
66
During construction, if work is incorrect, what should be the fist course of action?
1) officially notify the contractor; architect must do this inwriting
2) incorrect work should be rejected; contractor should be told to promptly correct it in accordance with the contract
3) if contractor doesn't correct the work, the owner should be aware of the alternative courses of action available up to and including termination
- quick termination of a contract without seeking other remedies is not in accordance with the contract
67
True or false. It is possible for a project to be deemed substantially complete even if lunchlist items remain incomplete.
True
68
A contractor makes a claim for addtional money for extra work caused by unforseen circumstances. The initial decision maket must respond to this claim within ___ days.
10 days
69
which of the following is not considered a submittal
a. mockup
b. product data
c. samples
d. shop drawings
mock ups
70
the architect's submittal log entries shouls include all of the following except the
a. action taken
b. contract name
c. date of receipt of hte submittal
d. date of forwarding to the consultant
b. contract name
71
who prepares the requirements for the construction schedule?
the architect generally establishes the requirements for the construction schedule, while the contractor prepares the actual schedule showing how the work will be accomplished within the contract time
72
in a CPM diagram, the total project time is determined by ...
...the path with the longest required time, known as the ciritical path
73
prior to the placing of concrete for footings, you observe that the footing excavation is frozen. What is the best procedure to follow?
excavate the frozen ground and place the concrete against earth which is not frozen
- this not only solves the present construction problem, but it also places the footings below the zone of frost penetration, thus preventing frost damage in the future
- concrete should never be placed on frozen ground
74
The working drawings for a project show lateral bracing of the suspnded ceiling for earthquake resistance. Although the architect did not inspect the ceiling construction before it was covered up , he suspects that the lateral bracing was not properly installed. The building inspector has not noted any violations. What should the architect do?
Request the contractor to uncover the ceiling for the architect's inspection
-architect should never rely on the inspector as a substitute for his own on-site observations
75
Services performed by Clerk of the Works for Owner/Client.
Records construction & quantities.
76
Are testing and inspection part of an Architect's scope of work?
No, these services are performed by specialists and independent agencies hired by owner/client or contractor (often as allowances) depending on contract documents.
77
8 key moments for field review:
1 - project start-up
2 - start of major subs on buildings enclosure elements
3 - start of finishing trades (floor, millwork, paint..)
4 - arrival of significant material
5 - before & during concrete placement
6 - when 1 trade covers another's work (insulation, fireproofing, vapour barriers, blocking, el & mec)
7 - after serious change in weather
8 - if owner/client takes early occupancy
78
3 main reasons to prepare a mock-up.
1 - Demonstrate full understanding of contract documents
2 - Uncover problems
3 - Represent quality of construction expected by architect
79
3 key responsibilities of sub-consultants in the field during CA:
1 - prepare field reviews & reports
2 - determine % of work complete for each discipline
3 - interpret drawings \*M&E drawings are more diagrammatic & interpretation by trades and consultants are critical
80
CCDC2 2.2.1 requires the architect to: (2)
- be familiar with **progress & quality** of work
- determine if work is proceeding in **general conformity** with contract documents
81
Places where field reviews may be held: (3)
1. The Construction Site
2. The Extended Site (including storage)
3. Plant or Off-Site Locations
82
What does a **pre-construction meeting** serve?
1. Detailed review of the site with the contractor
2. Document the existing site in order to : establish state of existing facility & provide basis for disputes over damages
83
Regular **site meetings**?
They serve to :
1. Communicate client's expectations for construction's team
2. Good communication
3. Exchange technical info
4. Opportunity for field review.
5. Resolve problems & make judgements.
6. Review schedules & progress claims.
84
Minutes of site meetings?
Indicate minutes, actions and who is responsinble. Taken by Architect or Contractor.
Distribute within 48 hours.
85
Who hires inspection services & testing company?
Paid by the Owner through:
- direct contract with firm
- through the general contractor
Often, cash allowances in the construction contract.
86
Is continuous on-site representation a basic architectural service?
No, additional service.
87
What would a continuous field review daily log include?
* weather conditions
* material & equipment deliveries
* daily construction activities, % completion
* work stoppages & reasons
* inspection & testing & results
* special visitors
* unusual conditions
88
The type of field reviews depend on the **delivery method**.
Higher control: CCDC 2, contract btw client & architect
Lower control: the client is the builder, fast track projects and cost is priority.
89
Name two categories of field review services:
**Matters required by the Building Code** : verification of code compliance
**Contractual Matters or Good Practice** : workmanship, appearance, accuracy, etc.
90
What are the roles of the client?
Depends on their experience & interest. Assist site meetings. Some are very involved, some depend entirely on architect.
91
When to schedule visits?
Different times of day and on different days of the week. Prevents familiarity with architect's routine & scheduling of construction around him.
92
List of architectural items for field review observations?
1. Aesthetics
2. Cleaning
3. Code Requirements
4. Datums & tolerances
5. Deflections
6. Drainage
7. Expansion & control joints
8. Fireproofing
9. Fire Protection
10. Hardware
11. Humidity & water infiltration
12. Mechanical & Elec equiment
13. Operating Space
14. Public Safety
15. Wall and floor thickness
16. Water
93
What are the continuous services of the architect at completion & after completion (3)?
1. Take-over procedures
2. Commissioning
3. Post-occupancy evaluation
94
What are **take-over procedures**?
Architect is responsible for reviewing defects during the warranty period and notifying contractor of items.
95
Architect-client agreement ends ....?
12 months after completion (warranty end)
96
What is **commissioning**?
Separate & distinct service by independent 3rd party
Manage & verify performance of all components of the building's operation, testing & balancing mechanical & elec systems.
97
What is a **post-occupancy evaluation**?
Service of investigating & assessing performance of completed buildings.
98
What is the use of take-over procedures (2)?
1. Orderly transition of the building to the owner
2. Protect the owner, contractor & architect's interests
99
What is the first step in the take-over process?
A Certificate of Substantial Performance.
100
When does the warranty period begin?
At the issuance of the Substantial Performance Certificate.
101
When can we omit a Certificate of Substantial Performace?
It can be omitted if we proceed directly to issuing a Statement of Total Completion. Then the warranty period starts at that date.
102
What is the point of a Holdback?
The holdback release certificate should be dated one day after the termination of the lien period. If **NO liens** exist, the holdback must be released.
CCDC 2 requires owner to place holdback amount in a bank account in the joint names of Owner & Contractor, 10 days before the expiry of the holdback period.
It is a trust fund. All known deficiencies must be corrected before release.
103
What is the final certificate of payment?
ALL deficiencies have been corrected & work complete.
Date of certificate = date of deemed completion
104
What are the **final submissions** that the Contractor must submit the Architect at **Take-Over**?
* Operations instructions & maintenance manuals
* Complete set of keys
* Record documents, which may include shop dwgs
* Maintenance materials & spare parts
* Warranties
* Certification of the operation of various systems: fire alarm, sprinkler, HVAC, security system boiler plant
Inform Contractor of the **amount of the contract that cannot be certified until submissions are satisfactory**.
2 stages:
1. Items required for proper operation of building, **Certification of Substantial Performance**
2. Items required to **complete the contract**.
105
Name 3 types of **Occupancy**?
1. "**Unconditional Occupancy**" : The work is complete & inspected, Occupancy Permit is issued by AHJ.
2. **Conditional Occupancy**: The building is considered safe but incomplete with respect to contract.
3. **Phased (Partial) Occupancy**: Part of the building is complete with respect to contract.
Occupancy Permit is issued by AHJ.
106
Which type of Occupancy involved additional services from the Architect?
Phased or Partial Occupancy
107
What is **commissioning** and what does it confirm?
Activities that transform design of building into fully integrated & operating system. Process of **quality assurance**.
* Begins with "design intent" and ends with delivery of building
* Confirms the contractor's implementation of the architect's design as defined in contract
* Confirms ability of architect's desifn to satisfy the client's defined requirements
* Addresses any shortcomings
For complex projects, the owner may hire commissioning agent to verify design & resulting construction. Early involvement is beneficial for communication of design intent.
Commissioning is **above the architect's normal fee**.
108
What is the warranty review?
Architect is responsible dor **reviewing defects & deficiencies during warranty period** & notifying contractor.
Prior to end of 12 months, architect should have a review of the work with : engineers, client, contractor, commissioning agent (if any)
109
What happens if contractor fails to rectify warranty deficiencies?
Architect will review client's rights under the **bonding and insurance provisions** in the contract.
