3 developmental Flashcards by Kalan Hansen

Mary Ainsworth

The psychologist responsible for attachment development

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Piaget

The psychologist responsible for cognitive development

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Eric Erickson

The psychologist responsible for personally development

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Marcia

The psychologist responsible for development of identity

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Kohlberg

The psychologist responsible for moral development

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Kubler-Ross

Responsible for the stages of grief

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Research methods (2)

Cross-sectional studies

Longitudinal studies

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Cross-sectional studies problem

Cohort effect

many differences between individuals and not just age. But different experiences and culture

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Prenatal development

The development from the zygote to the fetus

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Prenatal development course

Germinal weeks 1 & 2 (Zygote) rapid cell division

Embryonic weeks 3 - 8 (Embryo) most vulnerable. Development of vital organs

Fetal weeks 8 - birth
(Fetus) movement. Bone and muscle development

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Importance of touch/contact

Harlows’ monkeys
The warmth

Premature babies
touch increases chances of survival

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Infant attachment styles

secure
anxious ambivalent
avoidant

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Secure attachment

Trust

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Anxious ambivalent attachment

Clingy

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Avoidant attachment

Ignores

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U.S v. Germany v. Japan

Secure AA avoidant

US (63, 13, 20)
GR (56, 8, 34)
JPN (68, 28, 4)

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Infant temperament styles (3)

Easy child

generally positive
easily adaptable to new experiences
Quickly establishes regular routines

Difficult child

tends to react negatively
Slow to except new experiences
engages in irregular daily routines

Slow to warm up child.

Low activity level
very cautious in the case of new experiences
inflexible and somewhat negative

Dendritic spread and pruning

During the first two years of life the dendrites of the neurons branch out and the neurons become far more interconnected

Unused connections are pruned

cognitive development (4)

sensorimotor

preoperational

concrete operations

formal operations

sensorimotor stage

1st stage of cog. dev.
(0 until 2 yrs old)

object permanence
(its there until its gone then it doesn’t exist)
scale errors
no functional difference between life size and mini.

preoperational stage

Stage 2 cog dev.
(years 2-7)

irreversibility
cannot reverse their thinking

-centration
can only focus on one thing

concrete operations stage

stage 3 of cog. dev psych
(ages 7-11)

conservation
concrete mental operations not yet abstract

-heirarchical classification
no longer limited by centration

formal opperations stage

final stage on cog. dev. psy
(11- adolesence)

Abstract thinking
both* the abitity to think things through
systematic thinking

psychological / personality development stages (8)

Trust v. Mistrust
(year 1)
Autonomy v. Shame/ doubt
( 2-3 )
initiative v. Guilt
( 4-6 )
Industry v. Inferiority
( 6- puberty)
Identity v. Confusion
( adolesence)
Intimacy v. Isolation
(early adult)
Generativity v. Self-absorption
(middle adult)
Integrity v. despair
(Late adult)

Psy soc Q | Are my basic needs being met?

Trust v. Mistrust

Psy soc Q | Can i learn to do things by myself?

Autonomy v Shame / Doubt

Psy soc Q | Am I good? or am I bad?

Initiative v. Guilt

Psy soc Q | Am i competent or am i worthless?

Industry v. Inferiority

Psy soc Q | Who am I and where am I going?

Identity v Confusion

Psy soc Q | Am i capable of meaningful relationships?

Intimacy v Isolation

Have I done something worth while with my life?

Generativity v Self absorption

Psy sco Q | Have I lived a full life?

Integrity v Despair

Development of identity status

Crisis and Commitment chart no / yes no diffusion / moritorium / / / yes Forclosure/Acheivment

Moral development | 3 levels, 6 orientations

Pre-conventional level - punishment orientation - naive reward orientation convention level - good boy-girl orientation - authouritarian orientation post-conventional level - social contract orientation - individual purposes & conscience orientation

adolesence highlights

identity crisis stress ( ID and Relationships) Suicide attempts

The adolescent brain

not fully developed prefrontal cortex. adlosent brains dont have brakes to slow emotions down. They take more risks

HIghlight about Early adulthood

trend of later marage (late 20-to early 30s) if at all

Parenting styles (4)

- Authoritarian too controlling non-responsive - Indulgent permissive little or no control and very responsive - indifferent-uninvolved little or no control and non-responsive - Authoritative appropriate control and responsive

highlights of middle adulthood

marital happiness midlife crisis vs, reflection empty nest syndrome vs Adjustment

Highlights of later adulthood

Active neurons gradually decline Sensory sensitivity gradually declines Fluid intelligence decrease crystallized intelligence stable life satisfaction in NEW identities and activities interaction of physical, cognitive, and social health

Stages of grieving and dying

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. bargining 4. Depression 5. Acceptence shock Testing

Progression

Sticking and cycling over the stages of grief.