3- FACTORS AFFECTING WINE Flashcards
(25 cards)
What does a vine need to produce healthy crops? (5)
- CO2
- Sunlight
- Warmth
- Water
- Nutrients
Climates suitable for wine production can be divided into 3 categories.
Hot, moderate, cool
What are 2 other factors to consider for climate?
Altitude and oceans
How does hot climate affect alcohol, body, tannin, acidity?
More alcohol, fuller body, more tannin, less acidity
How does cold climate affect alcohol, body, tannin, acidity?
Less alcohol, lighter body, less tannin, more acidity
What is the role of sunlight?
Allows grape to combine CO2 with water to make sugar
Too much water causes…
The grapes to be diluted (less alcohol, body, flavour)
How does too cool/too hot weather affect grapes?
Sugar production slows/stops
What is the optimal temperate zone for wine?
30 to 50 degrees from the equator
What are the 2 main factors affecting quality of raw grape material?
- Degree of care in vineyard
2. Control of yields
Vineyard activities include (3)
Pruning, controlling bunches per vine, positioning of grapes to expose sunlight
Lower yields result in..
Riper grapes
What is the most important of the winemaking process?
Fermentation
What is fermentation?
When yeasts feed on sugars to produce alcohol, CO2, and heat.
What is the general process of winemaking?
- Crush
- Press
- Ferment
- Mature
- Bottle
What is the general process of winemaking?
- Crush
- Press
- Ferment
- Mature
- Bottle
What temperature is white wine fermented at? Why? How long does fermentation typically take?
12-22 degrees C. SAME AS ROSE! To preserve delicate fruit aromas.
2-4 weeks
What temperature is red wine fermented at?
20-32 degrees C.
What are the 2 methods to keep red wine in contact with the skins?
pumping over and punching down
Where does sweetness in wine come from?
Unfermented sugars
What is pressed wine?
After free run wine is drawn off, skins are pressed further to produce wine with higher tannin levels, which may be blended with other wines
What are 3 ways to add oak (other than barrels)
Staves, chip, oak essence
What flavour does European oak give? American?
Subtle toasty and nutty, smoother tannins
Sweet coconut and vanilla, harsher tannins
Maturation WITH oxygen adds..
toffee, fig, nut, and coffee to develop
softens tannins
