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WSET > 3- FACTORS AFFECTING WINE > Flashcards

3- FACTORS AFFECTING WINE Flashcards

1
Q

What does a vine need to produce healthy crops? (5)

A
  1. CO2
  2. Sunlight
  3. Warmth
  4. Water
  5. Nutrients
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2
Q

Climates suitable for wine production can be divided into 3 categories.

A

Hot, moderate, cool

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3
Q

What are 2 other factors to consider for climate?

A

Altitude and oceans

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4
Q

How does hot climate affect alcohol, body, tannin, acidity?

A

More alcohol, fuller body, more tannin, less acidity

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5
Q

How does cold climate affect alcohol, body, tannin, acidity?

A

Less alcohol, lighter body, less tannin, more acidity

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6
Q

What is the role of sunlight?

A

Allows grape to combine CO2 with water to make sugar

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7
Q

Too much water causes…

A

The grapes to be diluted (less alcohol, body, flavour)

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8
Q

How does too cool/too hot weather affect grapes?

A

Sugar production slows/stops

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9
Q

What is the optimal temperate zone for wine?

A

30 to 50 degrees from the equator

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10
Q

What are the 2 main factors affecting quality of raw grape material?

A
  1. Degree of care in vineyard

2. Control of yields

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11
Q

Vineyard activities include (3)

A

Pruning, controlling bunches per vine, positioning of grapes to expose sunlight

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12
Q

Lower yields result in..

A

Riper grapes

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13
Q

What is the most important of the winemaking process?

A

Fermentation

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14
Q

What is fermentation?

A

When yeasts feed on sugars to produce alcohol, CO2, and heat.

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15
Q

What is the general process of winemaking?

A
  1. Crush
  2. Press
  3. Ferment
  4. Mature
  5. Bottle
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16
Q

What is the general process of winemaking?

A
  1. Crush
  2. Press
  3. Ferment
  4. Mature
  5. Bottle
17
Q

What temperature is white wine fermented at? Why? How long does fermentation typically take?

A

12-22 degrees C. SAME AS ROSE! To preserve delicate fruit aromas.
2-4 weeks

18
Q

What temperature is red wine fermented at?

A

20-32 degrees C.

19
Q

What are the 2 methods to keep red wine in contact with the skins?

A

pumping over and punching down

20
Q

Where does sweetness in wine come from?

A

Unfermented sugars

21
Q

What is pressed wine?

A

After free run wine is drawn off, skins are pressed further to produce wine with higher tannin levels, which may be blended with other wines

22
Q

What are 3 ways to add oak (other than barrels)

A

Staves, chip, oak essence

23
Q

What flavour does European oak give? American?

A

Subtle toasty and nutty, smoother tannins

Sweet coconut and vanilla, harsher tannins

24
Q

Maturation WITH oxygen adds..

A

toffee, fig, nut, and coffee to develop

softens tannins

25
Q

Maturation WITHOUT oxygen add..

A

fresh fruit turn into cooked fruit, vegetal notes, animal notes

WSET (16 decks)

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