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Behavioral Endocrinology > 3 Feedback Mechanisms > Flashcards

3 Feedback Mechanisms Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

origin of hormones

A

glands

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2
Q

hormones to target cells

A

via blood

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3
Q

negative feedback

A

increase leads to less hormones

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4
Q

positive feedback

A

increase leads to more hormones

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5
Q

examples positive feedback loop

A

oxytocin
lactation
childbirth

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6
Q

regulation of hormones

A

production
secretion
metabolism

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7
Q

patterns of secretion

A

pulsatile
acute
cyclic

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8
Q

pulsatile

A

constant level

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9
Q

acute

A

rapid increase

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10
Q

cyclic

A

predictable pattern

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11
Q

pineal gland

A

produces melatonin

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12
Q

pancreas

A

produces insulin and regulatory hormones

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13
Q

adrenal gland

A 
aldosterone
cortisol 
sex hormones 
norepinephrine
epinephrine
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14
Q

pituitary gland / hypothalamus

A 
gonadotropic
corticotropic
growth hormones
oxytocin
arginine
vasopressin
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15
Q

gonads

A

estrogen
progesterone
testosterone

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16
Q

exocrine

A

digestive enzymes and alkaline

pancreatic fluid

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17
Q

endocrine

A

hormones regulating carbs, lipids and protein metabolism

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18
Q

endocrine location

A

Islet of Langerhand

= islet cells

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19
Q

Islet of Langerhand cell types

A

10% alpha cells
70% beta cells
5% sigma cells

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20
Q

alpha cells

A

secrete glucagon

raise blood glucose

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21
Q

beta cells

A

secrete insulin

lowers blood glucose

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22
Q

sigma cells

A

secrete somatosin

GHIH

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23
Q

neural regulation

A

e. g. norepinephrine

from adrenal glans

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24
Q

endocrine regulation

A

hormones bind to endocrine cells

e.g. FSH stimulates estrogen

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25
neuroendocrine interaction
???
26
adrenal glands compartments
salt sugar sex sympathy
27
zona granulosa
aldosterone | increase Na+ reabsorption
28
zona fasiculata
cortisol | long term blood glucose
29
zona reticulaire
androgens and estrogens
30
medulla
norepinephrine and epinephrine a modified sympathetic ganglion
31
medulla and cortex
stress mediated
32
two glands of the adrenal
cortex | medulla = core
33
cortisol peaks
early morning | stress
34
cortisol effects
lipolysis increase blood glucose suppressed immune function facilitates catecylamines
35
deficient cortisol
poor processing of stress during injury
36
regulation of ACTH
???
37
ovary
theca cells corpus lute granulosa cells
38
theca cells
estrogen
39
corpus luteum
progesterone
40
granulosa cells
inhibition and activation
41
testis
Leydig | Sertoli
42
Leydig cells
testosterone
43
Sertoli cells
sperm development
44
LH
luteinizing hormone
45
FSH
follicle stimulating controlled by inhibit stimulates estrogen
46
anterior pituitary
LH | FSH
47
gonadotropic releasing hormone
major effect on LH
48
LH pulses
biphasic every minute large pulse at 1 hour
49
humoral factors
other factors in circulation | e.g. glucose
50
FSH
uniphasic
51
LH and FSH over life
more during puberty
52
LH in females
surge at ovulation
53
LH in males
constant | produces testosterone
54
follicular phase
maturing follicle secretes E2 | P is low
55
preovulatory surge
``` follicle makes enough E2 switches to PFB LH/FSH surge ovulation corpus luteum is formed ```
56
luteal phase
c. luteum secretes P for NFB c. luteum demises decrease in P menstruation
57
positive feedback LH and FSH
estradiol at high plasma concentration in late follicular phase stimulates GnRH and LH stimulates ovulation
58
negative LH and FSH
inhibin by testis / ovaries | ???
59
prolactin
inhibits GnRH release | creates post-partum contraception
60
amenorrhea
???
61
testosterone and LH
feeds back to pituitary | inhibits LH
62
HPA axis complications
???
63
follicular phase
maturing follicle secretes E2 P is low Preovulatory surge:
64
Luteal phase
corpus luteum secretes P for NFB on HPG axis, low LH]allows corpus luteum demise decrease in P menstruation

Behavioral Endocrinology (4 decks)

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