3 | Finding words Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is: Substitution
- Mis-selection (words that are semanticaly related)
- One word replace another
- Often: Antonyms
What is: Blend
- Mis-selection (words that are semanticaly related)
- Two words are merged
- Often: Synonyms
What is: Preservation
- Mis-ordering
- A word appears again later in the sentence
- Often: Same grammatical category
What is: Anticipation
- Mis-ordering
- A word appears earlier than intended
- Often: Same grammatical category
What is: Exchange
- Mis-ordering
- Two words swap places
- Often: Same grammatical category
What is: Omission
- Other
- A word is left out
What is: Addition
- Other
- An extra word appears
Consept-level relationship
Related words activate their lemma at the same time
- Ex.: Baggage / Luggage = Buggage
Lemma-level relationship
Words that arise through the associations they have with one another. Activation flows through the associative links and the wrong lexeme is inserted into the utterance
Ex.: Cat and Dog
Malapropisms
Errors where the words produced is similar to the intended word in its sound shape, and not necessarily its meaning
Slots-and-filler
Sentences that are divided into their major functional elements(eg. subject, verb, object)
Serial models of speech production
represent the speech process as a series of stages that are independent of one another, and where the speaker only has access to one word at a time. There is also a unidirectional flow of information between the different stages in the serial model.
Interactive models
information spreads by way of activation from units at one stage down to multiple units at the next stage, and also back up the higher stages.
Inhibition
The more active a candidate word is, the more strongly it inhibits its competitors
High-frequency words will often dominate and inhibit competitors words
Lemma
The abstract form of a word retrieved from the mental lexicon
Lexeme
The specification of the form of the word (what it sounds like/spelling)
Frequency effect
Words that are used frequently are easier to receive from the mental lexicon
Predictability effect
Words that fit a topic/context are easier to receive from the mental lexicon
If lexical retrieval is hard it is more likely to result in a pause before a difficult word
Pauses are more likely before content words than before function words
Transitional probability
The probability that a certain word follows
The pauses are longer and more frequent the lower the transitional probability is
Ex.: The cop drew out his ___
Lexicalisation
The process we go through when we make out thoughts into words.
