3. Fluid Regulation And Perfusion System

Question 1

What are the main functions of the CVS?

Answer 1

Circulate blood to cells and tissues
Deliver oxygen and nutrients
To remove waste products

Question 2

Which side of the heart operates under higher pressure?

Answer 2

Left

Question 3

What type of circuit is the left side of the heart?

Answer 3

Systemic

Question 4

What type of system is the right side of the heart?

Answer 4

Pulmonary

Question 5

Where is the largest amount of blood distributed in the body?

Answer 5

Systemic veins and venuled at rest

Question 6

What organs receive the largest part of cardiac output?

Answer 6

[lungs] Kidneys

Question 7

What are the primary regulators of systemic pressure?

Answer 7

Arterioles

Question 8

Why must there be a substantial pressure drop across vasculature?

Answer 8

To prevent end organ damage

Question 9

What is st

Question 10

What is your systolic pressure?

Answer 10

Maximum pressure that is being pushed out of the heart

Question 11

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 11

The resting pressure - least pressure during the cardiac cycle

Question 12

What layer of the blood vessel walls controls the diameter of vasculature?

Answer 12

Smooth muscle

Question 13

What is the function of pericytes within capillaries?

Answer 13

Controls diameter/ paracrine effects

Question 14

What are the three main mechanisms by which substances can move in and out of capillaries?

Answer 14

Diffusion
hydrostatic pressure
Pinocytosis

Question 15

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 15

Movement into capillaries

Question 16

What is the function of pre-capillary sphincters?

Answer 16

Control capillary flow

Question 17

What are the three types of capillaries?

Answer 17

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

Question 18

Where are continuous capillaries found?

Answer 18

They are widespread

Question 19

Rank the three types of capillaries from most permeable to least permeable?

Answer 19

Discontinuous -> fenestrated -> continuous

Question 20

How much more permeable are fenestrated to continuous capillaries?

Answer 20

10x

Question 21

What type of capillary allows blood cell transfer?

Answer 21

Discontinuous

Question 22

What is capillary hydrostatic pressure CHP?

Answer 22

Pressure exerted by blood against the wall of the capillary, the force that drives fluid out of the capillaries and into the tissue.

Question 23

What is the name for pressure created by the concentration fo colloidal proteins in the blood?

Answer 23

Blood colloidal osmotic pressure BOCP

Question 24

How do you calculate net filtration pressure?

Answer 24

CHP-BCOP

Question 25

What are four functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

Transport [clean] fluids back to the blood Drains excess fluids from tissues Removes debris from cells of the body Transports fats from teh digestive system

Question 26

What does fluid balance in the CVS ensure sufficient and efficient movement of?

Answer 26

Electrolytes, nutrients, gasses

Question 27

What makes up 91% of plasma?

Answer 27

Water

Question 28

What is dehydration and what are some causes of it?

Answer 28

Excessive loss of body fluid Sweat, urination, diarrhoea

Question 29

How does dehydration affect blood tonicity?

Answer 29

Increased

Question 30

What does increased blood tonicity mean with reference to substances?

Answer 30

Substances int he blood become more concentrated due to a reduced fluid

Question 31

How does dehydration affect blood volume and blood pressure?

Answer 31

Decreases both

Question 32

What is hyperhydration?

Answer 32

Excessive water intake increasing blood volume

Question 33

How does hyperhydration affect blood tonicity?

Answer 33

Reduce - change in electrolyte balance

Question 34

What receptors detect changes in osmotic and volume/pressure of blood?

Answer 34

Osmoreceptors Baroreceptors

Question 35

What is the name for a loss of blood supply?

Answer 35

Ischaemia

Question 36

What is the relationship between blood volume and blood pressure?

Answer 36

Blood volume is proportional to blood pressure

Question 37

What can Ischaemia lead to if not resolved?

Answer 37

Infarct [tissue death]