3) Fossil Fuel

Question 1

Explain the role of carbon in fossil fuels and its impact on the environment

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide is released when fossil fuels are burnt, these carbon dioxide then float into our atmosphere trapping heat. Gases like these are known as greenhouse gases and they are the cause of global warming.

Question 2

How does the combustion of fossil fuels release energy, and what are the byproducts of this process?

Answer 2

carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particles, and sulfur dioxide. Particles can have hazardous chemicals attached to them. These are also known to be greenhouse gases

Question 3

Explain what other alternatives to fossil fuels are being developed to reduce their environmental impact?

Answer 3

• Wind power perfect for areas that have consistent wind and they provide electricity through converting rotational energy (Form of kinetic energy) into electrical energy via spinning a generator within the turbine.
• Solar power perfect for areas that recieve consistent sunlight, it provides electricity through receiving sunlight in the PV cells on solar panels.
• Hydro power perfect for coastal areas, similar to a wind turbine, it uses a turbine to convert the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy then it transforms into electrical energy.

Question 4

Explain the importance of energy conservation and efficiency in reducing the reliance on fossil fuels.

Answer 4

Energy conservation is important because if we use energy excessively it will lead to worser climate change and speed up global warming. Especially because we currently still rely a lot on fossil fuels, fossil fuel is a limited resource that will run out eventually. By transfering our depedence on these non-renewable resources to renewable resources we can have a greener stable future. For example, instead of using a car all the time you can choose to use public transport, walking, or biking. These smart alternatives won’t cost the planet and will lead us to learn how to use energy efficently.

Question 5

Ion definition

Answer 5

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge.

Question 6

Ion formation

Answer 6

An ion is an atom with a charge (positive or negative). To form an ion, an element must gain or lose an electron. Gaining electrons or losing electrons creates an ion. If an atom gains an electron, it has more electrons than protons, creating an overall negatively charged atom of an element. If an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged because it has more electrons than protons.

Question 7

Define Chemical Bonding

Answer 7

Explains how atoms are held together in molecules

Question 8

What is the purpose of separation techniques in chemistry, and why are they important in various applications?

Answer 8

It can isolate harmful or useful mixture componenets, it is generally used for purifying.

Question 9

List and describe three common physical separation techniques used in the laboratory.

Answer 9

• Filtration: Separates solids
• Chromatopgraphy: Separating molecules in mixture applied onto the surface or into the solid, and fluid stationary phase (stable phase) is separating from each other through mobility. (Slips off basically)
• Distilation: Separates liquid from solid or liquid from liquid. It boils the substance so that the steam water vapour can condense into liquid.

Question 10

Red litmus paper turns blue

Answer 10

Base

Question 11

Blue litmus paper turns red

Answer 11

Acid

Question 12

What is used to find pH of substances and to check?

Answer 12

universal indicator and universal indicator colour chart

Question 13

What is combustion?

Answer 13

A reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas to release light and heat energy

Question 14

What is the combustion fire triangle?

Answer 14

Fuel, Heat, Oxygen

Question 15

Explain the difference between complete and incomplete combustion, and provide examples of each.

Answer 15

Complete combustion is when the burning process recieves unlimited oxygen where as incomplete combustion recieves limited oxygen. You can see the difference because complete combustion have blue flames and incomplete combustion have red, orange, and yellow flames.

Question 16

Discuss the safety measures and precautions that should be taken when dealing with combustion

Answer 16

• Do not turn the fire on without teacher’s supervision as starting fires could become unmanageble if done wrong.
• Do not touch the flame, you put yourself at risk of being burned by touching it.
• Do not accidentally release gas when you turn on the gas, with gas in the classroom air you put everyone at risk of a fire,

Question 17

Complete combustion equation

Answer 17

Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Question 18

Neutralisaiton equation

Answer 18

Acid (H+) + Base (OH-) → Salt + Water

Question 19

Acid rain equation

Answer 19

Sulfur Dioxide + Nitrogen Oxides + Water → Sulfuric Acid + Nitric Acid

Question 20

What is the greenhouse effect, and how does it work to regulate the Earth’s temperature?

Answer 20

The greenhouse effect is caused by the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide, and methane. These gases trap heat inside them and they stay in the atmosphere, as more of them cluster up our skies the warmer the temperature of our earth becomes. Before the rapid climate change, these greenhouse gases were used to warm up the planet and prevent ice ages but now they are killing the planet with heat.

Question 21

What are some natural sources of greenhouse gases, and how do human activities contribute to an increase in these gases?

Answer 21

Respiration or decomposition of plants and the ocean will release greenhouse gases, these are usually in moderate amounts that have limited negative effects to earth. However, human activites such as factory pollution, plastic burning, or burnings of fossil fuel all contribute to alarming rates of greenhouse gases. These increase tremendously and leads to global warming.

Question 22

What is ocean acidification, and how does it occur?

Answer 22

Ocean acidification is when the pH of the ocean lowers, making it more acidic. It occurs due to the higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissovling into the ocean through ways like acid rain.

Question 23

Explain the role of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the process of ocean acidification.

Answer 23

When carbon dioxide meets h20 (water) they absorb each other to turn into carbonic acid CO2 + H2O -> (H+) + (HCO3-)
(H+ is an acid hydrogen ion)

Question 24

Discuss the sources of carbon dioxide that contribute to ocean acidification, including human activities.

Answer 24

Human activities such as factory air pollution, deforestation, and using fossil fuel all contributes to the increased amount of carbon dioxide.

Question 25

Explain the significance of pH in measuring the acidity of ocean water and the consequences of a lower pH due to acidification.

Answer 25

Regulating pH levels is significant for the sustainability of our marine system, sea creatures like mussels, shelled animals, and corals can't survive in an environment with lower pH. Shell or skeleton are rotten away by the acid. If their protective organs are gone, they will die easily and potentially become extinct. A specie going extinct have huge consequences in the food chain hence it is why acid levels in the ocean need to be maintaned.

Question 26

What are some strategies to mitigate and address ocean acidification, and how can individuals and communities contribute to these efforts?

Answer 26

Ocean acidification occurs due to the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the ocean. To stop this growth we need to regulate deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, and factory pollution. As individuals we can start by taking public transport, walking, cycling, and recycling products properly.

Question 27

What are renewable sources of energy, and how do they differ from non-renewable sources in terms of sustainability and environmental impact?

Answer 27

Renewable sources of energy are unlimited while non-renewable sources have limits. Rewnewable sources of energy include solar, hydro, and wind power, all of which are sustainable and accessible. While non-renewable sources are limited and usually takes more than thousands of years to form and release harmful carbon dioxide into our atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in our air which creates global warming. Hence why rewnewable resources are a greener alternative.

Question 28

Describe the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of renewable energy into the existing energy infrastructure and the transition to a more sustainable energy future.

Answer 28

*Infrastructure upgrades: This takes time and money it will cost a fortune for some countries to begin developing the energy infrastucture needed to sustain the environment. * Resource availability: Some areas do not have consistent sun or wind which will mean unstable energy supplies. * Economic transition: Some countries rely heavily on their fossil fuel industries which would be hard to change in just a few years, this will mean great challenges especially with many that oppose renewable resources.