3 Halogenalkanes

Question 1

Why can haloalkanes undergo nucelophilic substitution?

Answer 1

the contain a polar C-X bond
As X gets bigger, the bond length increases so the energy required to break than bond decreases

Question 2

Nucelophilic substitution of haloalkanes with OH-

Answer 2

Forms alcohol and X-

Question 3

Nucelophilic substitution of haloalkanes with CN-

Answer 3

Forms nitrile and X-
requires ethanolic aqueous KCN

Question 4

Nucelophiles

Answer 4

contain a lone pair of electrons that is attracted to δ+ regions

Question 5

Nucleophilic substitution with NH3

Answer 5

Produces an amine and X-
Can react again to form secondary amines

Question 6

Elimination of haloalkanes

Answer 6

When heated to a high temperature under ethanolic conditions.
OH- nucelophile acts as a base, removing H from molecule to eliminate halide, forming C=C
can only occur in secondary or tertiary haloalkanes

Question 7

Ozone’s role in the atmosphere

Answer 7

Ozone in the atmosphere absorbs harmful UV radiation

Question 8

How does ozone depletion occur?

Answer 8

CFCs absorb UV radiation, breaking down C-Cl bond to form Cl. These Cl react with O3 to break it down
O3 + Cl* → *OCl + O2
OCl + O3→ 2O2 + Cl