3. Management of common infections

Question 1

Immediate hypersensivity has onset when?

Answer 1

Within minutes - up to 2 hours max

Question 2

Immediate hypersensitivity involves what Ig and chemical?

Answer 2

IgE mediated

Histamine

Question 3

Immediate hypersensitivity - can you re-challenge?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Delayed hypersensitivity has onset when?

Answer 4

Typically after days/weeks

Question 5

Delayed hypersensitivity involves which IgE?

Answer 5

NOT IgE mediated

Question 6

Delayed hypersensitivity - can you re-challenge?

Answer 6

Yes - unless severe reaction has occured

Question 7

Presentation of allergy to medication? x4

Answer 7

Itchy skin, rash/urticaria
Swelling
Wheeze
Pain/vomiting

Question 8

Presentation of intolerance to medication? x3

Answer 8

GI upset
Headache
Odd taste

Question 9

Intolerance to medication has onset when?

Answer 9

Typically after several doses/days

Question 10

Common structure of penicllin abx is?

Answer 10

Beta-lactam ring

Question 11

Cocci bacteria are gram negative or gram positive?

Answer 11

Gram positive

Question 12

Infection of the urinary tract is often caused by organisms that reside where?

Answer 12

GI tract

Question 13

Does asymptomatic bacteriuria UTI need treatment generally?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

When does asymptomatic bacteriuria UTI require treatment? x4

Answer 14

Pregnancy
Immunosupressed
Abnormal anatomy of the urinary tract
Children

Question 15

Define cellulitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of cells - infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Question 16

Define erysipelas

Answer 16

Red skin - infection of dermis only

Question 17

Define imeptigo

Answer 17

Erythematous patches

Question 18

Characteristics of impetigo x2

Answer 18

Serous discharge

Golden-coloured crust

Question 19

Fungal respiratory infection tends to occur in whom?

Answer 19

Immunocompromised

Question 20

Typical vs. atypical pnuemonias - which is typically milder?

Answer 20

Atypical (WBC less elevated)

Question 21

S.pneumonia is typical or atypical?

Answer 21

Typical

Question 22

Score used to asses severity of pneumonia is?

Answer 22

CURB-65 score

Question 23

Five components of CURB-65 score? (specific)

Answer 23

Confusion
Urea > 7mmol/l
BP <90/60
Age >60years

Question 24

CURB-65 scores indicating low, moderate and high severity?

Answer 24

0-1: Low
2: Moderate
3-5: High

Question 25

High severity CURB-65 score - what is the treatment?

Answer 25

Stable beta-lactam and macrolide

Question 26

Moderate severity CURB-65 score - what is the treatment?

Answer 26

Amoxicillin and macrolide

Question 27

Meningitis vs. encephalitis?

Answer 27

Meningitis - inflammation of the meninges | Encephalitis - inflammation of the brain parenchyma

Question 28

Symptoms of meningitis? x3

Answer 28

Headache Stiff neck Photophobia

Question 29

Symptoms of encephalitis? x4

Answer 29

Seizures Weakness Behaviour change Drop in GCS (altered cerebral function)

Question 30

Encepahlitis cause most likely to be bacteria or viral?

Answer 30

Viral

Question 31

PUO stands for?

Answer 31

Pyrexia of unknown origin