3 - Metals

Question 1

What does ‘reducing an ore’ mean?

Answer 1

Removing the oxygen

Question 2

What are 3 properties of aluminium?

Answer 2

• high tensile strength
• good conductor of heat
• low density

(Non toxic)

Question 3

What are 3 uses of aluminium?

Answer 3

• overhead power cables
• saucepans and aluminium cooking foil
• drinks cans and saucepans

Question 4

What are 3 uses of copper?

Answer 4

• copper wire in electrical circuits
• bottoms of saucepans
• copper piping in plumbing wires

Question 5

What are 3 properties of copper?

Answer 5

• excellent conductor of electricity
• malleable and ductile
• excellent conductor of heat

Question 6

What are 3 properties of titanium?

Answer 6

• high tensile strength
• high melting point
• high resistance to corrosion and low density

Question 7

What are 2 uses of titanium?

Answer 7

• rotor blades for helicopters and golf clubs

- artificial hip joints, surgical pins and plates for bone fractures

Question 8

8 properties of metals

Answer 8

1. Good conductors of electricity
2. Good conductors of heat
3. Shiny
4. Sonorous
5. Ductile
6. Malleable
7. High melting point
8. Dense

Question 9

What observations occur when magnesium reacts with copper sulphate?

Answer 9

-magnesium is more reactive so it displaces the copper from the solution so the blue colour disappears

Question 10

What happens when an iron nail reacts with copper sulphate?

Answer 10

-displacement reaction
-orange brown coating on the silver grey iron nail
-copper sulphate solution gets paler or goes colourless
CUSO4 + FE = CU + FESO4

Question 11

What is a mineral?

Answer 11

Any element or compound found naturally in the Earth’s crust

Question 12

What is an ore?

Answer 12

A rock that contains enough metal to make it economically viable to extract

Question 13

What is reduction?

Answer 13

When a substance loses oxygen (gains electrons)

Question 14

What is oxidation?

Answer 14

When a substance gains oxygen

Question 15

What happens in the THERMIT REACTION of aluminium + iron oxide = aluminium oxide + iron

Answer 15

The iron is reduced as it is less reactive than the aluminium and the aluminium has been oxidised

Question 16

Why are Gold, Silver and Copper known as ‘native’?

Answer 16

Because they are found in the Earth’s crust as pure substances
-don’t need to be extracted

Question 17

What is iron extracted from?

Answer 17

Haematite

Question 18

What are four things that are put into the blast furnace?

Answer 18

• hot air
• coke
• limestone
• iron

Question 19

What are the 3 raw materials in the iron blast furnace?

Answer 19

• iron ore
• coke (pure carbon)
• limestone

Question 20

Why is hot air put into the blast furnace?

Answer 20

So it makes the coke burn faster than normal and it enables combustion

Question 21

Why is coke put into the blast furnace?

Answer 21

-to reduce the iron oxide to iron metal

Question 22

Why is limestone put into the blast furnace?

Answer 22

So it takes away the impurities in the form of slag

Question 23

How is iron produced in the blast furnace?

Answer 23

• the coke, limestone and iron ore are fed at the top of the blast furnace.
• the coke burns to produce carbon dioxide which reacts which the unburnt coke to form carbon monoxide
• the carbon monoxide then reduces the iron ore to iron
• the iron is molten and dense so runs to the bottom of the surface where it is tapped off
• the limestone decomposes to calcium oxide which reacts with the impurities (sand) to give molten slag

Question 24

What state is the cooled slag?

Answer 24

Solid

Question 25

What can cooled slag be used for?

Answer 25

- fertiliser | - road building

Question 26

What is the equation for the coke burning to produce carbon dioxide?

Answer 26

Carbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide | C + O2 = CO2

Question 27

What is the balanced and word equation for the coke burning to produce carbon monoxide?

Answer 27

CO2 + C = 2CO | carbon dioxide + carbon = carbon monoxide

Question 28

What is the equation to reduce the iron ore to iron?

Answer 28

3CO + FE2O3 = 3CO2 + 2FE | carbon monoxide + iron oxide = carbon dioxide + iron

Question 29

What is the formation equation for slag from the impurity silicon dioxide?

Answer 29

Ca0 + SiO2 = CaSiO3 | Calcium oxide + silicon dioxide = molten slag

Question 30

What is electrolysis?

Answer 30

The breaking down of ionic substances into simpler substances using electricity

Question 31

In electrolysis, why do the substances have to be melted or dissolved in water?

Answer 31

So the ions are free to move

Question 32

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 32

The substance that the current passes through and splits up (contains pos and neg ions)

Question 33

What happens to the negative ions (anions) during electrolysis?

Answer 33

They move to the positive electrode (anode) and lose electrons -oxidation

Question 34

What happens to the positive ions (cations) during electrolysis?

Answer 34

``` Positive ions (canions) move to the negative electrode (cathode) and gain electrons -reduction ```

Question 35

What are ionic equations?

Answer 35

-the equations occurring at the anode or the cathode 1/2 bc it shows half the whole process -they only show the ions that are oxidised or reduced

Question 36

OIL RIG

Answer 36

oxidation is loss | Reduction is gain

Question 37

OIL

Answer 37

eg. 2Cl - 2e = Cl2 2Br - 2e = Br2

Question 38

RIG

Answer 38

e.g Cu2+2e=Cu Na+e=na

Question 39

What is the overall equation of aluminium oxide?

Answer 39

Aluminium oxide = aluminium + oxygen | 2Al2O3 = 4Al + 3O2

Question 40

What is the basic ore for extracting aluminium

Answer 40

Bauxite

Question 41

Why is aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite?

Answer 41

- bc aluminium has a high melting point of over 2000C, and so a molten state is required which would be expensive - cryolite brings down the temperature so it is easier and cheaper

Question 42

Why do the aluminium electrodes need replacing often?

Answer 42

Because it keeps reacting with the oxygen to form CO2

Question 43

Why does the aluminium oxide need to be molten?

Answer 43

To release the ions so they're free to move

Question 44

What is the ionic equation at the cathode? (Aluminium)

Answer 44

Al 3+ + 3e = Al

Question 45

What is the ionic equation at the anode? (Aluminium)

Answer 45

2O 2- - 4e = O2

Question 46

Why doesn't aluminium corrode?

Answer 46

The outer aluminium atoms react with the oxygen in the atmosphere to form a thin layer of aluminium oxide on the metal's surface which protects it from corroding

Question 47

What are 3 negative impacts of extracting aluminium?

Answer 47

- destruction of habitats - waste material - makes a lot of noise

Question 48

What are 3 positive impacts of extracting aluminium?

Answer 48

- creates jobs - local businesses gain custom - money for local businesses

Question 49

What are 4 reasons why we need to recycle?

Answer 49

- use less resources - use less energy - use less money - make less rubbish

Question 50

What is an alloy?

Answer 50

A mixture of metals that is made by melting different metals and mixing them together

Question 51

How is the structure of an alloy different to a pure metal?

Answer 51

In an alloy the different metal atoms are different sizes which disrupts the layers -they can't slide over eachother easily so alloys are stronger and harder

Question 52

Why do we make metals into alloys?

Answer 52

-to improve the properties | E.g make them stronger and harder

Question 53

What is the size of a nanoparticle?

Answer 53

1-100nm

Question 54

Uses and explanation of silver? (Nanoparticle)

Answer 54

Uses: - antiseptic sprays - linings of refridgerators Explanation: -antibacterial

Question 55

Uses and explanation for titanium dioxide/zinc oxide (nanoparticles)

Answer 55

Uses -sunscreens Explanation: -reflects UV light

Question 56

Why can nanoparticles be breathed in or absorbed through skin?

Answer 56

Because they are so small

Question 57

Why are people concerned about nanoparticles?

Answer 57

Because their long term health effects are unknown

Question 58

What is a nanoparticle?

Answer 58

They are very small particles

Question 59

What can molten slag be used for?

Answer 59

- cement | - road building

Question 60

Anion Cation Anode Cathode

Answer 60

Anion - negative ion Cation- positive ion Anode - positive electrode Cathode - negative electrode

Question 61

What happens if the electrolysis process runs a long time?

Answer 61

-no more current flows as run out of ions

Question 62

What is the equation for the decomposition of limestone?

Answer 62

``` CaCO3 = Ca0 + Co2 Limestone = carbon oxide + carbon dioxide ```

Question 63

Why can metals below carbon be extracted by carbon?

Answer 63

Because the carbon can displace them

Question 64

Describe the full process of extracting iron in the furnace

Answer 64

The raw materials are iron ore, coke, limestone and air. Hot air that oxidises coke is blasted into the furnace making coke burn much faster which increases the temperature and carbon dioxide is produced. The carbon dioxide reacts with the unburnt coke to form carbon monoxide which then reduces the iron oxide to iron. The limestone decomposes to calcium oxide which reacts with the impurities (mainly sand) to give molten slag. The molten slag floats on top of the iron and is tapped off