Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > 3: Muscle Relaxants > Flashcards

3: Muscle Relaxants Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

primary goal

A

selective decrease skeletal muscle excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

primary uses

A

1) muscle spasms

2) spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

injury usually to muscle or peipheral nerve

A

muscle spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tonic contraction in paraspinals, traps, etc.

A

muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
injury to CNS-- 
CNS lesions (SCI, CP, CVA, etc)
A

spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

exaggerated stretch reflex

A

spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

agents used to treat muscle spasms

A

1) centrally acting anti-spasm drugs

2) Diazepam (Valium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

muscle spasm agent: diverse group of drugs

A

centrally-acting antispasm drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

muscle spasm agent: used commonly in back, neck spasms; other orthopedic injuries

A

centrally-acting antispasm drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

centrally-acting antispasm drugs: enhances GABA inhibition in brain (GABA A effect)

A

Carisoprodol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

centrally-acting antispasm drugs: might increase serotonin in brainstem

A

Cyclobenzaprine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

all centrally-acting antispasm drugs are

A

strong sedatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

centrally-acting antispasm drugs primary effect

A

strong sedatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

antispasm drugs: short term use may be beneficial for…

A

acute muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

antispasm drugs: patients may decide to take only when? why?

A

bedtime bc it’s a strong sedative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

antispasm drugs: should be combined with what?

A

aggressive physical therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

antispasm drugs: when should drugs be decreased?

A

ASAP- discontinue drups (3-4 days) while continuing PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

muscle spasm agent: developed originally as an anti-anxiety drug

A

diazepam (valium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diazepam (Valium) is a ( ) agent

A

Benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does Diazepam work in CNS?

A

increases inhibitory effects of GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Benzodiazepine receptors in phospholipid bilayer also have receptors for

A

GABA and barbituates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does GABA cause inhibition?

A

Cl- channels open in protein and becomes more negative whice inhibits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Valium causes GABA to do what?

A

GABA binds stronger –> more Cl- enters –> more inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Valium increases ( ) inhibition of the alpha motor neuron

A

GABA-mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
spasticity agent: acts in CNS, increases GABA mediated inhibition
Diazepam
26
spasticity agent: Valium long term use also limited by ( )
tolerance and dependence
27
spasticity agent: may be helpful if patient has spasticity AND anxiety
Diazepam
28
spasticity agent: systhetic GABA
Baclofen
29
spasticity agent: stimulates GABA receptors in spinal cord (GABA B agonist)
Baclofen
30
Baclofen decreases excitation of what?
alpha motor neuron
31
How can Baclofen be administered?
intrathecally
32
Intrathecal injections mean what?
spinal injections
33
Baclofen intrathecal into what area of cord?
subarachnoid space (B/W Pia mater and arachnoid mater)
34
how to see if intrathecal injection works well for patient?
trial injection- PT monitors how they're reacting
35
when is intrathecal baclofen used?
in severe spasticity
36
when is intrathecal baclofen used?
in severe spasticity
37
where is intrathecal baclofen pump usually put on body?
lower abdomen
38
Alpha-2 agonists primary agent
tizanidine (Zanaflex)
39
spasticity agent: stimulates alpha-2 receptors located on spinal interneurons
alpha-2 agonists
40
alpha-2 agonists causes inhibition of what?
interneurons
41
alpha-2 agonists causes inhibition of interneurons...what does this mean exactly?
decreases excitatory input onto alpha motor neuron
42
spasticity agent: efficacy similar to oral baclofen but less generalized muscle weakness
alpha-2 agonists
43
spasticity agent: develped originally as antiseizure drug
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
44
spasticity agent: inhibits Ca++ entry presynaptic terminals
Gabapentin
45
By inhibiting Ca++ entry presynapic terminials, what dees Gabapentin do?
decreases release of glutamate, other excitatory NTs
46
when is Gabapentin primarily used?
MS, SC; may cause sedation, dizziness, ataxia
47
spasticity agent: only direct-acting muscle relexant
Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium)
48
spasticity agent: inhibits release of calcium from skeletal muscle SR
Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium)
49
Dantrolene sodium: problems with liver?
liver toxicity- unsure why
50
spasticity agent: muscle paralytic
Botulinum toxin
51
spasticity agent: injected locally for severe spasms such as torticollis, laryngospasms, etc
Botulinum toxin
52
Botulinum toxin has 7 serotypes, but which 2 are for clinical use?
1) Type A (Botox, Dysport, Zeomin) | 2) Type B (Myobloc)
53
Botulinum toxin mechanism:
inhibits ACh release at skeletal NMJ
54
spasticity agent: injected into selected muscle(s)
Botulinum toxin
55
Botulinum: when does relazation/paralysis occur? how long does it last?
- occurs within 3-7 days | - lasts 2-3 months
56
Botulinum reduces spastic dominace which may allow:
1) increased residual function | 2) improved ADL, braching, etc.
57
As BTX possible retrograde transmission
may be transported via alpha motor neuron to CNS
58
what effect could retrograde transmission have on BTX?
may produce carry-over and long-term effects on reflex activity in cord and brain
59
BTX probs: ( ) at injection site
local irritation
60
BTX probs:potential for ( ) production
antibody
61
must limit totatl BTX dose to:
- 300-400 units/tx (BTX type A) | - 2500-5000 units/tx (BTX type B)
62
BTX probs: watch for OD signs...
1) drooping eyes 2) difficultly speaking/swallowing 3) general muscle weakness 4) respiratory distress
63
muscle relaxants: rehab concerns
1) generalized weakness 2) sedation 3) possible drastic change in muscle tone over relatively short time span

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions