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Flashcards in 3. Neck Deck (16)
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1
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

Location

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

L- two headed muscle located deep to platysma on anterolateral surface of neck; delineate limits of anterior and posterior triangles of the neck

O- manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle. Clavicular head.

I- mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

A- flexes and laterally rotates the head; simultaneous contraction of both muscles causes neck flexion; acting alone, each muscle rotated head toward shoulder on opposite side and tilts or laterally flexes head to its own side

2
Q

Trapezius

Location

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

L- most superficial muscle of posterior thorax; flat and triangular; upper fibers run inferiorly to scapula; middle fibers run horizontally to scapula; lower fibers run superiorly to scapula

O- occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of C and all thoracic vertebrae

I- a continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle

A- stabilizes, elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; middle fibers retract (adduct) scapula; superior fibers elevate scapula - shrugging shoulders, help extend head when scapula is fixed

3
Q

Mylohyoid

Location

Action

A

L- flat, triangular muscle just deep to digastric muscle; this muscle pair forms a sling that forms the floor of the anterior mouth

A- elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, enabling tongue to exert backward and upward pressure that forces food bolts into pharynx

4
Q

Sternohyoid

Location

Action

A

L- most medial muscle of the neck; superficial except inferiorly, where covered by sternocleidomastoid

A- depression and stabilization of larynx and hyoid bone, aids in swallowing and phonation.

5
Q

Sternothyroid

Location

Action

A

L- lateral and deep to sternohyoid

A- depression and stabilization of larynx (thyroid cartilage), phonation and swallowing

6
Q

Splenius

Location

Action

A

L- broad bipartite superficial muscle (capitis and cervicis parts) extending from upper thoracic vertebrae to skull

A- extend the head; when splenius muscles on one side are activated, head is rotated and bent laterally toward same side

7
Q

Stylohyoid

Location

Action

A

L- slender muscle below angle of jaw; parallels posterior belly of digastric muscle

A- elevates and retracts hyoid; elongates floors of mouth during swallowing

8
Q

Omohyoid

Location

Action

A

L- straplike muscle w/two bellies united by an intermediate tendon; lateral to sternohyoid

A-depresses and retracts hyoid bone

9
Q

Genioglossus

Location

Action

A

L- extrinsic muscle of tongue; superior mental spine of mandible

A- Protrudes and depresses the tongue

10
Q

Erector spinae

Location

Action

A

L- prime mover of back extension. On each side consists of 3 columns - iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles- forming the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles.

A- provide resistance that helps control action of bending forward at the waist, act as powerful extensors to promote return to erect position.

11
Q

Digastric - posterior bellies

Location

Action

A

L- mastoid notch of temporal bone

A- elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible

12
Q

Digastric - anterior bellies

Location

Action

A

L- Digastic fossa of mandible

A- Elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible

13
Q

Geniohyoid

Location

Action

A

L-narrow muscle in contact w/its partner medially runs; runs from chin to hyoid bone deep to mylohyoid

A- elevates and protracts the hyoid, shortening floor of mouth and widening pharynx for receiving food during swallowing

14
Q

Thyrohyoid

Location

Action

A

L- appears as a superior continuation of sternothyroid muscle

A-depresses hyoid bone or elevates larynx if hyoid is fixed

15
Q

Scalenes

Location

Action

A

L- located more laterally than anteriorly on neck; deep to platysma and sternocleidomastoid

A-elevate first two ribs (aid in inspiration) flex and rotate neck

16
Q

Semispinalis

Location

Action

A

L- composite muscle forming part of deep layer of intrinsic back muscles ; extends from thoracic region to head.

A-extends vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite side; acts synergistically w/sternocleidomastoid muscle of opposite side