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ETA 5: HEAD & NECK > 3: Osteology, Radiology & Common # of Skull & Cervical Spine > Flashcards

3: Osteology, Radiology & Common # of Skull & Cervical Spine Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 8 cranial bones? (6 things)

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal (L + R)
  3. Temporal (L + R)
  4. Occipital
  5. Sphenoid
  6. Ethmoid

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2
Q

Label the cranial bones

A
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3
Q

What is the only join in the skull?

A

Temporal Mandibular Joint (TMJ)

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4
Q

What parts of the ear does the Temporal bone have? (2 things)

A
  1. Inner
  2. Middle
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5
Q

What are the main parts of the Temporal bone? (7 things)

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Mastoid
  3. Tympanic
  4. Styloid process
  5. Zygmatic process
  6. TMJ
  7. External Auditory Opening
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6
Q

What are the parts of the Sphenoid bone?

A
  1. Sella Turcica (turkish saddle)
    * Fossa where pituitary gland sits
  2. Chiasmatic sulcus (aka Optic Groove)
    * Where optic nerves cross
  3. Foramina (Rotundum, Ovale, Spinosum)
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7
Q

What does the Ethmoid bone have?

A

Cribiform plate

  • Root of nasal cavity
  • Where olfactory nerve enters nose

3iffmoid (smell related)

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8
Q

What are the 14 facial bones? (8 things)

A
  1. Zygomatic (2) = cheek bones
  2. Lacrimal (2) = tear drop place
  3. Nasal (2) = in between nose
  4. Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) = inside nasal cavity
  5. Palatine (2) = @ back of oral cavity
  6. Maxilla (2) = part of upper jaw + hard palate
  7. Vomer = posterior aspect of nasal spetum
  8. Mandible = jaw bone, forms TMJ
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9
Q

Label the facial bones

A
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10
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Nasal Conchae?

A

Increases s.a of nasal cavity → Increases amount of inspired air in contact with nasal cavity

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11
Q

What are the 4 main types of skull fractures?

A
  1. Linear
  2. Depressed
  3. Compound
  4. Basilar (base of skull #)
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Linear skull fractures? (2 things)

A
  1. Thin line
  2. NO splintering / depression / distortion of bone
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Depressed skull fractures?

A

Bone pushed towards brain

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Compound skull fractures? (3 things)

A
  1. Break in / loss of skin
  2. Splintering of bone
  3. Brain injury + bleeding
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Basilar skull fractures?

A

Involves base of skull

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16
Q

What areas are more prone to fractures? (5 things)

A
  1. Squamous Temporal
  2. Parietal
  3. Sphenoid air sinus
  4. Foramen magnum
  5. Inner parts of sphenoid wing @ skull base

Skull Parts Snap and Fracture Immediately

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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of skull fractures? (6 things)

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Bruising
  3. CSF draining through ears + nose
  4. Swelling
  5. Confusion / loss of consciousness
  6. Slurred speech
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18
Q

What are 2 types of Cervical spine fractures?

A
  1. Hangman’s Fracture
  2. Fracture of Dens
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19
Q

What is a Hangman’s Fracture?

A

Fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 (axis)

Pars interarticularis = bony column between superior & inferior articulating facets

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20
Q

Why are Hangman’s Fractures lethal? (2 points)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Spinal cord is ruptured
  2. Can cause deep unconsciousness / resp + cardiac failure
21
Q

What’s the difference between stable and unstable fractures?

Study These Flashcards
A

Stable: only anterior column involved

Unstable: anterior + middle columns involved

22
Q

What is a fracture of the Dens?

Study These Flashcards
A

Unstable fracture

Dens is thing sticking upwards from axis (C2)

23
Q

What does fracture of Dens increase the risk of?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Avascular Necrosis (AVN)
    * Bc isolation of distal fragments from any blood supply
  2. Spinal cord involvment
24
Q

What are the exits of the cranial nerves (in order or cranial nerves)? (14 things)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Cribriform Plate
  2. Optic Canal
  3. Superior Orbital Fissure
  4. Superior Orbital Fissure
  5. Superior Orbital Fissure
  6. Rotundum (foramen rotundum)
  7. Ovale (foramen ovale)
  8. Superior Orbital Fissure
  9. Internal Acoustic Meatus
  10. Internal Acoustic Meatus
  11. Jugular Foramen
  12. Jugular Foramen
  13. Jugular Foramen
  14. Hypoglossal Canal

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25
What are the Cranial Nerves in order? (12 things)
1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Occulomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal * Opthalmic * Maxillary * Mandibular 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Vestibular cochlear 9. Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus 11. Accessory 12. Hypoglossal Oh Oh Oh! Try Tell Them That Abdi Found Van Goghs Vavourite Art House Trigeminal: Oh Max Man!
26
Where does the Olfactory nerve (CN 1) exit the skull from?
Cribriform plate
27
Where does the Optic nerve (CN 2) exit the skull from?
Optic canal
28
Where does the Occulomotor nerve (CN 3) exit the skull from?
Superior Orbital Fissure
29
Where does the Trochlear nerve (CN 4) exit the skull from?
Superior Orbital Fissure
30
Where does the Trigeminal Opthalmic nerve (CN V1) exit the skull from?
Superior Orbital Fissure
31
Where does the Trigeminal Maxillary nerve (CN V2) exit the skull from?
Foramen Rotundum
32
Where does the Trigeminal Mandibular nerve (CN V3) exit the skull from?
Foramen Ovale
33
Where does the Abducens nerve (CN 6) exit the skull from?
Superior Orbital Fissure
34
Where does the Facial nerve (CN 7) exit the skull from?
Internal Acoustic Meatus
35
Where does the Vestibular cohclear nerve (CN 8) exit the skull from?
Internal Acoustic Meatus
36
Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) exit the skull from?
Jugular foramen
37
Where does the Vagus nerve (CN 10) exit the skull from?
Jugular foramen
38
Where does the Accessory nerve (CN 11) exit the skull from?
Jugular foramen
39
Where does the Hypoglossal nerve (CN 11) exit the skull from?
Hypoglossal canal
40
What Cranial nerve is to do with smelling?
Olfactory
41
What Cranial nerve is to do with seeing?
Optic
42
What Cranial nerves are to do with eye movements? (2 things)
1. Occulomotor 2. Trochlear
43
What Cranial nerves are to do with facial sensation? (3 things)
Trigeminal nerves 1. Opthalmic 2. Maxillary 3. Mandibular Oh Max Man!
44
What Cranial nerve is to do with abducting the eye?
Abducens
45
What Cranial nerve is to do with balance?
Vestibular part of Vestibular cochlear
46
What Cranial nerve is to do with hearing?
Cochlear part of vestibular cochlear
47
What Cranial nerve is to do with reducing the HR?
Vagus
48
What Cranial nerve is to do with tongue?
Hypoglossal

ETA 5: HEAD & NECK (4 decks)

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