3. Physics Of Waves Flashcards
Longitudinal Waves
Direction of movement parallel/same direction to direction of oscillation.
Transverse Wave
Direction of movement perpendicular to direction of oscillation.
Example of Transverse waves
- Light
- Water
- Rope
Example of Longitudinal waves
- Sound
* Spring
Wavelength
Distance between two successive crests/troughs (Periode).
Frequency
Number of complete waves (Hertz).
Amplitude
Hight of crest/depth of trough measured at the center.
Time periode
Time taken for a wave to complete 1 cycle per wave.
Velocity
Distance traveled per second (m/s).
Wavefront
- Location of all particles of the medium in the same state of vibration.
- Perpendicular to wave direction.
- Distance from one wavefront to next is wavelength.
Properties of Reflection
Explanation: wave hits plane surface and gets reflected. •Frequency unchanged •Speed unchanged •Wavelength unchanged •Direction changes
Refraction
Bending of waves towards the normal as it enters a denser medium.
Properties of Refraction
- Angle of incident> Angle of refraction.
- Speed changes
- Wavelength changes
- Frequency unchanged
- Speed is greater in a gas (faster) than a solid (slow)
Properties of Diffraction
Explanation: wave spreads out when passing through a gap or edge of object.
•Wavelength unchanged
•Speed unchanged
•Frequency unchanged
•Wavelength = gap –> maximum diffraction.
Law of reflection
Angle of incident = Angle of refraction.
Real Image
Image that can be projected onto a screen.
Virtual Image
Image can not be projected onto a screen.
Properties of image in plane mirror
- Line joining object & image is perpendicular to the mirror.
- Same size as the object.
- Virtual image
- Inverted
Critical angle
Incident angle at which the angle of refraction is 90^•.
Monochromatic light
Light of same colour and frequency.
Compretion
Region of wave where particles are under high pressure.
Refraction
Region of wave where particles are far apart and under low pressure.
Convex / Concaving lens
Thicker at the middle than at the edges.
Concave / Diverging lens
Thicker at edges than at the middle.
