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Chemistry 2 > 3: Proteins > Flashcards

3: Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

compounds of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen and sometimes may also contain sulfur and phosphorus

A

Proteins

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2
Q

building blocks and basic unit of proteins

A

Amino Acids

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3
Q

2 Categories of Amino Acids

A

Essential

Non-Essential

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4
Q

amino acids that must be present in the diet for the cannot be synthesized by the body

A

Essential Amino Acids

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5
Q

substances that are foreign to the body

A

xenobiotics

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6
Q

amino acids that can be synthesized by the body

A

Non-Essential Amino Acids

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7
Q

2 Classifications of Proteins

A

Fibrous

Globular

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8
Q

often structural and are mainly found in the integumentary system

A

Fibrous Proteins

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9
Q

polypeptide chains are arranged parallel in forming long sheets of fibers

A

Fibrous Proteins

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10
Q

fibrous protein that makes up the bones, skins, tendons, ang cartilage and gives their tensile strength

A

Collagen

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11
Q

most abundant fibrous protein in vertebrates

A

Collagen

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12
Q

sensitive type of fibrous protein that is denatured through boiling

A

Collagen

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13
Q

fibrous protein that makes up the outermost layer of the skin, hair, nails, scales, hooves, and feathers

A

Keratin

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14
Q

primary protein in the integumentary system and protects the body against the environment

A

Keratin

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15
Q

completely insoluble to water and is an extremely stable protein that it is able to resist the action of proteolytic enzymes

A

Keratin

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16
Q

fibrous protein that plays a major role in giving strength and rigidity to the skin

A

Keratin

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17
Q

metabolite fibrous protein that is converted into fibrin responsible for blood clotting

A

Fibrinogen

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18
Q

insoluble protein forming clots

A

Fibrin

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19
Q

fibrous protein responsible for muscle contraction by combining with actin

A

Muscle Protein

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20
Q

spherical proteins that are highly soluble and plays a focused role in the body’s metabolism

A

Globular Proteins

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21
Q

tightly folded polypeptide chains

A

Globular Proteins

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22
Q

globular protein that is most abundant in animal cells, blood serum, milk, and eggs

A

Albumin and Globulin

23
Q

globular protein that carries the oxygen throughout the body and gives the blood its bright red color

A

Hemoglobin

24
Q

type of anemia where the RBCs inflate until it explodes

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

25
Q

anemia from lack of iron

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

26
Q

most dangerous and complicated type of anemia

A

Pernicious anemia

27
Q

globular protein that is the cause of the sickle cell anemia

A

Hemoglobin S

28
Q

globular protein that serve as catalyst for chemical reactions by combing with other substances

A

Enzymes

29
Q

primarily responsible for the metabolism that triggers and controls

A

Enzymes

30
Q

transfer of hydrogen and oxygen atoms or electrons from one substrate to another

A

Oxidoreductase

31
Q

reduces oxygen

A

Oxidoreductase

32
Q

transfers a specific group from one substrate to another

A

Transferases

33
Q

performs hydrolysis of substrate causing chemical reactions to stop

A

Hydrolases

34
Q

non-hydrolytic removal or addition of a group to a substrate

A

Lyases

35
Q

joining of 2 molecules by the formation of new bonds

A

Ligases

36
Q

change of the molecular form of the substrate

A

Isomerase

37
Q

protein from the endocrine glands that stimulate target organs to initiate or control activities

A

Protein Hormones

38
Q

produced by the langerhan cells that regulates carbohydrate metabolism by controlling the blood glucose level

A

Insulin

39
Q

from the thyroid that is responsible for growth and development as well as overall metabolism

A

Thyroglobulin

40
Q

dwarfism

A

Hypothyroidism

41
Q

giantism

A

Hyperthyroidism

42
Q

induces growth of blood vessels determined in mid 1980s

A

Angiogenin

43
Q

produced by the thyroid and performs synergistically with calcium in lowering the blood’s calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

44
Q

immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies

45
Q

proteins that protect the body against antigens or body-invading organisms or substances

A

Antibodies

46
Q

antibodies found in body fluids

A

IgA

47
Q

antibodies that are part of the B-Cell receptors and binds to approaching allergens by activating basophils and mast cells

A

IgD

48
Q

antibodies against parasitic worms allergic reactions

A

IgE

49
Q

antibodies most abundant in the body produced by the plasma cells and are able to cross placenta into the fetus

A

IgG

50
Q

largest antibodies that are able to penetrate various organs and is responsible for the early stages of immunity

A

IgM

51
Q

hollow tubes that make up the cilia and flagella responsible for the locomotion of prokaryotes

A

Microtubules

52
Q

provide receptors or channels for polar or charged molecules to pass through the cell membrane

A

Membrane Proteins

53
Q

loss of conformation / breakdown (ph eme eme)

A

Denaturation

54
Q

regaining of biological activity via self-assembly

A

Renaturation

Chemistry 2 (4 decks)

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