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APGAP > 3 Public Opinion > Flashcards

3 Public Opinion Flashcards

1
Q

Public opinion

A

the citizens views on politics + govt actions

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2
Q

Political socialization

A

Individuals political opinions are shaped by surroundings

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3
Q

Mass media

A

Many sources of political information available to American citizens

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4
Q

Mainstream media

A

Sources that predate the internet

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5
Q

Concentration

A

Single-company ownership of several media sources in one area

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6
Q

Cross ownership

A

Single-company ownership of several kinds of media outlets

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7
Q

Media conglomeration

A

Companies that control a larger number of media sources across several types of media outlets

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8
Q

Fake news

A

Deliberate misinformation or hoaxes spread through media

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9
Q

Off the record

A

Info cannot be released to the public

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10
Q

On background

A

A reporter may make it known that their information came from a source, but cannot tell who that source is

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11
Q

Shield laws

A

States give reporters right to refuse to name source (not fed laws)

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12
Q

By-product theory

A

Idea that many Americans acquire political info involuntarily rather than seeking it out

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13
Q

Filtering

A

Decisions on what to report

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14
Q

Slant

A

Imbalanced, not covering all candidates or sides

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15
Q

Priming

A

Media coverage affects importance people place on issues/events

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16
Q

Framing

A

Public opinion affected by what story is covered (context, explanation, details)

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17
Q

Interest groups

A

Organizations of people who share common political interests and aim to influence public policy by electioneering and lobbying

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18
Q

Lobbying

A

Efforts to influence public policy through contact with public officials

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19
Q

Social movement

A

A large body of people who are interested in a common issue, ideas or concern that is continuing significance and who are willing to take action to support/oppose it

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20
Q

Economic groups

A

Aim to influence policy to bring members monetary benefits

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21
Q

Citizen group

A

Mass membership groups with no members

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22
Q

Single-issue group

A

Focus on narrow range of topic or single govt program/legislature

23
Q

Collective action problem

A

Members of a group would benefit by working together, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate + reaping benefits of those who do the work

24
Q

Coercion

A

Eliminating non-participation by requiring participation

25
Q

Selective incentives

A

Benefits that can motivate participation as only available to those who participate

26
Q

Iron triangles

A

A small group do well-positioned legislators, executives, and lobbyists who seek to promote policies beneficial to a particular interest

27
Q

Issue networks

A

Informal + relatively open network of public officials + lobbyists who have a common interest in a given area and who are brought together by a proposed policy (disbands after issue is resolved)

28
Q

Salience

A

The level of familiarity with an interest groups goal among the general population

29
Q

Focus group

A

A small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues

30
Q

Scientific poll

A

A representative poll of randomly selected respondents with a statistically significant sample size, using neutral language l

31
Q

Sample

A

A group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion

32
Q

Random selection

A

A method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over or under present any group of the population

33
Q

Representative sample

A

A sample that reflect the demographics of the population

34
Q

Weighting

A

A procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population

35
Q

Sampling error

A

The margin of error in a poll usually calculated to plus or minus 3% pts

36
Q

Mass survey

A

A survey designed to measure the opinions of the population

37
Q

Entrance survey

A

A poll conducted of people coming to an event

38
Q

Exit poll

A

A survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who/what they judged voted for and why

39
Q

Benchmark poll

A

A survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters

40
Q

Tracking polls

A

A survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign

41
Q

Random digit dialing

A

Use of telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select potential survey respondents

42
Q

Question order

A

The sequencing of questions in public opinion polls

43
Q

Question wording

A

The phrasing of a question in public opinion poll

44
Q

News media

A

Broad term that includes newspapers, magazines, radio, tv, internet sources, blog, and social media posting

45
Q

Social media

A

Forms of electronic communication that enable users to create + share content or to participate in social networking

46
Q

Agenda setting

A

Medias ability to highlight certain issues + bring them to the attention of the public

47
Q

Wire service

A

An organization that gathers and reports on news and then sells the stories to other outlets

48
Q

Investigative journalism

A

An approach to news gathering in which reporters dig into stories, often looking for instances of wrongdoing

49
Q

Broadcast media

A

Outlets for news and other content that rely on mass communications technology to bring stories directly into people’s homes

50
Q

New media

A

Various digital platforms through which individuals receive, share, produce content

51
Q

Deregulation

A

Leads to increasing consolidation as news firms tried to maximalise their profits in the face of declining sales + ad revenue

52
Q

Media consolidation

A

The concentration of ownership of the media into fewer corporations

53
Q

Partisan bias

A

Slanting of political news coverage in support of a particular political party or ideology

APGAP (7 decks)

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