3. RECYCLING + OTHER CONSERVATION BEHAVIOURS

Question 1

Antecedent strategies

Luyben + Bailey

Answer 1

Occur before the behaviour they are attempting to change
Increased number of recycling facilities
Made it easier to recycle
54% increase in recycling of newspapers

Question 2

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 2

If we state we believe something, behaving in a way that is incongruent with this makes us feel uncomfortable
So our behaviour is likely to stay in line with this

Question 3

Baca-Motes

Reusing towels in a hotel

Answer 3

Lasted a month
Some guests presented with card stating hotel commitment to the enviro
Signed + submitted as a card demonstrating their commitment
Half given badge

Question 4

Results

Baca-Motes

Answer 4

Those who received badge- over 25% more likely to reuse their towel + 40% more likely to reuse than guests who checked in normally

Question 5

Suggestions

Baca-Motes

Answer 5

Getting people to commit to behave in a certain way + socially signal they have made commitments
=effective way in in conservation behaviour

Question 6

Define consequent strategies

Answer 6

Occur after behaviour has taken place

Question 7

Consequent strategies

Positive feedback research to encourage conservation behaviours

Answer 7

Getting money for recycling
Oregon- given 5 cents fro every bottle, can or drink container they recycled
Rates of recycling rose to 90%
Punishments also introduced- e.g. fined for littering

Question 8

Consequent strategies 
Providing feedback (De Leon + Fuqua)

Answer 8

Asked some households to sign a letter making a public commitment to recycling + gave permission to publish their names in newspaper
Others received weekly feedback on pounds of recyclable paper generated
Third group received a combination
Fourth group= control
compared to baseline data- (feedback only) increase of 25% of recyclable paper, combined= 40% increase

Question 9

Lord aim

Answer 9

Investigate effectiveness pf trying to persuade people to recycle
Looks at best frame message (-ve or +ve)
Researched if it was best to convey messages in the form of advertisement, a newspaper report or personal message

Question 10

Lord sample

Answer 10

140 households

Quota sampling- ensured sample matched demographic diversity

Question 11

Lord procedure

Answer 11

Student observers visited selected households + observed what they were recycling
Following day- left a stimulus message at front doo- not done to 20 households for control

Question 12

Lord

Positive + negative messages

Answer 12

+ve- based on environmental benefits

-ve- described risks of failing to recycle

Question 13

Lord

Advertisement condition

Answer 13

Advertising environmentally friendly products

Question 14

Lord

Personal message condition

Answer 14

Letter signed by student assistant and addressed to personal acquaintance

Question 15

Lord

Second observation

Answer 15

Student assistant contacted + delivered questionnaires to adult member of house
7 point likert scale to measure impact of stimulus message
Returned in sealed envelope

Question 16

Lord results

Answer 16

Experimental condition= increase in number of items put out for recycling
Control- no significant change
+ve framed message= more favourable attitudes towards recycling

Question 17

Lord conclusions

Answer 17

Combination of strategies= produces attitudinal benefits

Question 18

Strengths of Lord

Answer 18

Large sample- more generalisable
Quantitative data- likert, objective
Useful applications- apply message to improve behaviour

Question 19

Weaknesses of Lord

Answer 19

Ethnocentric- America
Field exp= reduced control, increased extraneous variables
1994- dated= historical validity
DC from questionnaires