3. Urinalysis

Question 1

SQ epithelial cells in urine

Answer 1

CONTAMINATION

Question 2

hyaline cast

Answer 2

nonspecific
heavy excercise
diuretics

Question 3

RBC cast

Answer 3

glomerunephrotis

Question 4

WBC cast

Answer 4

acute polyneph

tubulue int nephritis

Question 5

waxy cast

Answer 5

advanced renal failure

Question 6

muddy-brown granular cast

Answer 6

acute tubular nephritis

Question 7

fatty cast

Answer 7

nephrotic syndrome

Question 8

nitrate in urine

Answer 8

indicator of INFECTION

Question 9

indicators of infection in urine

Answer 9

bacteria
luekocyter esterase pos
WBC > 10
nirtate pos
RBCs
pH INC - can tell infection

Question 10

quantiative vs qualitative

Answer 10

quan - colony count elevation

qual - presence of bacteria

Question 11

lumbar punct indications

Answer 11

CNS infec
Inflam processes
Subarach hem
cytologic protein analy

theraputic:
deliver meds
releif of sx of few specific causes of ICP

Question 12

lumbar punct CI

Answer 12

local skin inf
mass lesion
raised ICP
bleeding diathesis
coagulopathy -
plate count less 50k, plate dysf, INR greater then 1.4
poor pt cooperation

Question 13

CSF tube 1-4

Answer 13

1- celll count and diff
2- glucose and protein
3- culutre and gram stain
4- cell count and diff

Question 14

CSF viral vs bacterial

Answer 14

viral- norm pressure or mild INC
clear fluif, <1 protein, norm glucose and gram stain, monocytes, WCC <1000

bacterial - >30 pressure, turbid fluid, <2.2 glucose, >1 protein, WCC >500, 90% PMN

Question 15

gout vs psuedo

Answer 15

gout- urea, crystal toothpicks

pesudo - calcium, square like

Question 16

Gram positive cocci tests

Answer 16

blood agar - hemolysis

coagulase testing

Question 17

gram negative rods

Answer 17

oxidase testing

lactose testing

Question 18

susceptibility report

Answer 18

want susceptible at lowest number - give antis

Question 19

test blood for viruses

Answer 19

antibody testing
viral antigen detection test
viral culture
viral RNA or DNA detction tests

Question 20

lyme disease

Answer 20

start w serological test for b burgdoreri

ELISA most common initial serological test (IGM, IGG)

western blot allows detection of antibodied to individual components of organsim

Question 21

acid fact bacilli staining

Answer 21

TB

pos samle dye is retained after washing

MUST ALSO HAVE culture cannot dx TB by itself

Question 22

malaria

Answer 22

blood smears spread accross slide with Giemsa

under microscope plasmodium falciparum infecting blood cells can be seen

Question 23

stool cultures

Answer 23

bacteria virus and parasites

best for at risk pop

immunocomp, bloody diharrea,IBDm recent antis

Question 24

c diff

Answer 24

cell culture cytotoxicity assay- GOLD standard

liqui stool cultured in fibroblasts -> morphologic rounding of the fibroblasts