3 - US Executive Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are enumerated powers?
Explicitly granted by the Constitution or Congress
e.g. propose legislation
What are inherent powers?
Not set out in Constitution but needed for President to carry out functions
e.g. Bush argued for authority to ignore civil liberties after 9/11
What are implied powers?
Implied by the texts of the Constitution
e.g. expanded use of emergency powers in national crisis (FDR WW2 Japanese camps)
What are formal powers?
Constitutional and consist of enumerated, implied and inherent powers
Examples of formal powers?
1) Prepare annual budget
2) Legislative Powers (propose & veto)
3) Appointments
4) Pardons
What are informal powers?
Involve the stretching of implied powers for political purposes
Examples of informal powers?
1) Power to Persuade
2) Office for Legislative Affairs
3) Direct authority (executive orders + agreements)
Constraints on the President
1) Legislation rejection
2) Overriding veto
3) Refusing appointments/ treaties
4) Power to declare war
5) Judicial Review (e.g. Trump v Vance 2020)
Makeup of the Executive?
1) President
2) EXOP
3) Cabinet (15 depts)
4) Federal Agencies (~60)
What is EXOP made of?
1) White House Office- Chief of staff determines who sees President
2) Office of Budget & Management - Help determine national budget
3) National Security Council - Members: Prez, VP, Main Secs
How is there an imperial presidency?
1) Ignorance of Congress war declaration
2) Expansion of emergency powers
3) Executive orders & agreements
4) No successful impeachments
How is there an imperilled presidency?
1) Divided Congress (e.g. Build Back Better Act)
2) Filibusters
3) Size of bureaucracy (e.g. EXOP 4,000 employees)
4) “Sitting Duck”
President vs Prime Minister?
1) “Primus inter pares”
2) Whip system
3) President personal mandate
4) Fusion of branches
5) Term limits
US v UK Cabinets?
1) Appointments
2) Collective Responsibility
3) Power of Cabinet support
4) Meeting frequency
How does structural theory affect the Executive?
1) Separation of powers vs fusion
2) Single vs cabinet govt
3) Different removal process
How does rational theory affect the Executive?
1) Coalitions v Direct Authority
2) Increasing powers in national emergency
3) Populist policies to win votes
How does cultural theory affect the Executive?
1) President has more respect
2) Collective Responsibility
3) Parliamentary sovereignty vs fear of tyrannical power
