3 - Using media literacy to fight disinformation (L3; Livingstone; Miner)

Question 1

Definition Disinformation (HC)

Answer 1

False information that is intended to manipulate, cause damage, or guide people, organizations and countries in the wrong direction.

Question 2

Definition Misinformation (HC)

Answer 2

False information that is not intended to cause harm.

Question 3

Explain how we can use legal measures to fight disinformation and what are some disadvantages? (HC)

Answer 3

A judge decides if something is true or not. The problem is that this judge also has to make a choice and can also make mistakes. An example: monthly reports on the fight against disinformation on platforms such as Google, X, Facebook.

Question 4

Explain how we can use technological measures to fight disinformation and what are some disadvantages? (HC)

Answer 4

Fact checking and innovative technological detection might help to fight disinformation to some extent, but it can never provide a full solution. Its a business model, they can earn lots of money. Disinformation will become more and more sophisticated and harder to detect. Who is going to decide on the criteria for determining the trustworthiness of online information?

Question 5

Explain how we can use educational measures to fight disinformation and what are some disadvantages? (HC)

Answer 5

Giving sophisticated tools to withhold certain news from citizens could in the end threaten their information access, which eventually erodes (=aantasten) democracy. More durable solution is empower citizens to find, evaluate and use trustworthy information sources.

Question 6

What does Livingstone say about what is important in dealing with online (fake) news? (HC)

Answer 6

Train younger and older citizens to critically evaluate online news by using insights from media literacy. Part of educational approach.

Question 7

When is the change bigger that kids will believe disinformation? (study of Loose; HC)

Answer 7

When emotion is involved (e.g. an animal who is in danger).

Question 8

What is the debate about with the term ‘literacy’? (Livingstone)

Answer 8

About expanding the term to include computer-based literacies like digital literacy, cyber-literacy, and internet literacy, and how these relate to existing literacy concepts such as print literacy, visual literacy and cultural literacy.

Question 9

Definition Media literacy (Livingstone)

Answer 9

Ability to access, analyze, evaluate and dcreate messages across a variety of contexts.

Question 10

What does it mean by saying that media literacy is a nonlinear, dynamic learning process? (Livingstone)

Answer 10

It’s not a simple step-by-step process. Instead, these skills (access, analysis, evaluation, content creation) all work together and help you learn more about media in a flexible way. For example, if you know how to make content, it can help you understand and judge professionally made content. Also, if you can analyze and evaluate media, it can open up new ways for you to use the internet and find information. So, media literacy is a mix of skills that help you navigate and understand the media world around you.

Question 11

Explain ‘access’ within media literacy (Livingstone)

Answer 11

This is about being able to get to different kinds of media, like TV or the internet. It used to be hard for everyone to have the same chances, but now it’s not just about having the right tools (like a computer), it’s also about getting good stuff to watch or read.

Question 12

What is the debate about within ‘access’ with media literacy? (Livingstone)

Answer 12

Some say not everyone has the same chances to learn or use media, especially because of things like where they live or how much money they have. Others worry that too many ads on TV or the internet might mess with what everyone knows and likes.

Question 13

Explain ‘analysis’ within media literacy (Livingstone)

Answer 13

It’s not just about seeing or reading things; it’s about understanding them. You need skills to figure out who’s in charge, how different media works, and what they’re saying. It’s like learning a new language but for screens.

Question 14

What is the debate about within ‘analysis’ with media literacy? (Livingstone)

Answer 14

Learning to understand media is like learning a new skill, but some say the skills we learned from books might not work well for screens. It’s like using old maps for new roads.

Question 15

Explain ‘evaluation’ within media literacy (Livingstone)

Answer 15

There’s so much information online, and not all of it is good or true. You need the ability to tell if something is outdated or trying to make you believe something that might not be true. It’s like having a truth detector for the internet.

Question 16

What is the debate about within ‘evaluation’ with media literacy? (Livingstone)

Answer 16

Figuring out what’s true or good online is tricky. Some say we should teach everyone equally, while others think we should protect certain ideas or cultures. It’s like deciding if everyone gets the same homework or if some people get extra help.

Question 17

Explain ‘content creation’ within media literacy (Livingstone)

Answer 17

Some people think everyone should also learn to make their own media, like videos or blogs. It’s not just about expressing yourself; it also helps you understand how media works. It’s like learning to cook to understand food better.

Question 18

What is the debate about within ‘content creation’ with media literacy? (Livingstone)

Answer 18

Making media is cool, but not everyone agrees if everyone should learn it. Some say it’s like learning to ride a bike – it helps you get around better. Others say it’s like giving a microphone to people who usually don’t get heard.

Question 19

What is the article of Miner about?

Answer 19

Satirical and critical analysis of American culture by using the fictional Nacirema tribe as a mirror to reflect back cultural practices that may seem bizarre when observed from a outsider’s perspective.