3. Viral and Fungal Infections

Question 1

Verruca vulgaris

Answer 1

warts

Question 2

What is the etiology of warts

Answer 2

HPV 2 & 4

Question 3

What is the mode of transmission for warts?

Answer 3

skin to skin contact of the hands and feet
hyperkeratosis of the stratum corneum

Question 4

What is the clinical manifestation of warts?

Answer 4

thrombosed capillaries = tiny black and red spots
flat-topped papules on the face
hyperkeratotic papules with rough surface (verrucous

Question 5

what is the treatment of warts?

Answer 5

cryotherapy
topical therapy (doctor of patient applied)

Question 6

condyloma acuminata

Answer 6

genital warts

Question 7

what is the etiology of genital warts

Answer 7

HPV 6 &11

Question 8

What is the mode of transmission for genital warts?

Answer 8

skin to skin contact
subclinical infection
sexual transmission (penetration not necessary)
condoms do not offer protection

Question 9

what is the clinical manifestation of genital warts?

Answer 9

1-2mm or greater flat papules to verrucous growths
oncogenic potential if types HPV 16 or 18

Question 10

What is the common form of cancer for HPV 16 and 18?

Answer 10

squamous cell and cervical cancer

Question 11

What types of HPV pose a high risk

Answer 11

16 and 18 70% cervical cancer

Question 12

What types of HPV pose a low risk

Answer 12

6 and 11 %90 genital warts

Question 13

b-19?

Answer 13

Human parvovirus

Question 14

what are the 2 types of herpes simplex virus

Answer 14

type 1 (HSV-1) and (HSV-2)

Question 15

What is HSV 1 mostly?

Answer 15

oral and skin

Question 16

What is HSV 2 mostly?

Answer 16

urogenital

Question 17

What is the transmission of herpes simplex

Answer 17

skin to skin
skin-mucosa
mucosa-skin contact

Question 18

Primary infection of herpes simplex virus is in what group of people?

Answer 18

immunocompromised

Question 19

In herpes simplex, how long does the primary infection last?

Answer 19

10-14 days

Question 20

In herpes simplex, where does the primary infection go after lesions have disappeared?

Answer 20

This leads to viral entry to sensory and autonomic nerve endings, where the virus remains latent and can re-activate

Question 21

Can herpes simplex reoccur?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

What is the duration of recurrent herpes?

Answer 22

5 days

Question 23

How do you diagnose herpes simplex

Answer 23

Antigen detection by DFA or PCR in lesions
Tzanck smear

Question 24

What is seen on a Tzanck smear

Answer 24

multi-nucleated giant cells

Question 25

What is herpes simplex called in children

Answer 25

gingivostomatitis

Question 26

gingivostomatitis is what type of HSV

Answer 26

HSV-1

Question 27

What patient group can eczema herpeticum be found

Answer 27

patients with atopic dermatitis

Question 28

How can primary ocular HSV infections cause significant morbidity?

Answer 28

keratitis and acute retinal necrosis

Question 29

Encephalitis is related to what major disease?

Answer 29

BELL’S PALSY

Question 30

What is the proper name for shingles

Answer 30

Herpes Zoster

Question 31

What are some clinical manifestations of shingles

Answer 31

painful(days to weeks) vessicular rash(resolves in 7-10 days) in dermatomal distribution (thoracic/lumbar)

Question 32

What are some complications of shingles

Answer 32

Post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and it can last >4 weeks after the onset of the rash Secondary bacterial infections

Question 33

What is the main sign of herpes zoster opthalamicus

Answer 33

hutchinson's sign of the 1st branch of the trigeminal nerve (hard to miss)

Question 34

Measles (rubeola)

Answer 34

a RNA virus of the morbillivirus that is highly communicable acute viral illness, maculopapular rash begins at head and spreads to involve trunk and extremities

Question 35

How does measles (rubeola) spread?

Answer 35

direct contact OR airborne spread

Question 36

What are complications of measles (rubeola) ?

Answer 36

otitis media, bronchopneumonia, GI sx (diarrhea),febrile seizures, ocular keratitis (can cause permanent scarring/vision loss)

Question 37

Roseola

Answer 37

due to HHV-6B

Question 38

where does roseola multiply in?

Answer 38

salivary glands

Question 39

What is the clinical manifestation of roseola?

Answer 39

rash more pink-red, non-pruritic, blanchable, begins on torso and spreads out to neck, face, and limbs, pt. appears well overall, rash after fever ends. Possible Nagayama spots

Question 40

How does rubella differ from roseola?

Answer 40

Rubella: rash more red-brown, distinct red spots, begins on face and at hairline and spreads , fever accompanies rash and resolves when rash stops spreading, pts appear sick, no soft palate mucosal/uvular base papules

Question 41

Zika virus

Answer 41

a stranded RNA virus of flaviviridae family

Question 42

How is zika virus transmitted?

Answer 42

mainly via a bite of infected Aedes mosquito

Question 43

What two viruses do Aedes mosquitos transmit?

Answer 43

dengue chickungunya

Question 44

Zika virus can cause what, and is associated with what syndrome

Answer 44

microcephaly; Guillian Barre Syndrome

Question 45

What population should NOT travel to areas with active Zika virus

Answer 45

pregnant women

Question 46

What type of test does the CDC recommend for Zika virus

Answer 46

urine PCR testing within 2 weeks

Question 47

What is the common name for Tinea

Answer 47

ring worm

Question 48

What are the different forms of tinea

Answer 48

pedis = feet corpora = body barbae = beard manum = hand capititis = scalp cruris = groin