30/7/20(5lb,71-85,se) Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
infamy
A
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Infamy is the state of being infamous.
[formal]
…one of the greatest acts of infamy in history.
He enjoyed exaggerating his infamy.
Synonyms: notoriety, scandal, shame, disgrace
2
Q
shyster
A
COUNTABLE NOUN
If you refer to someone, especially a lawyer or politician, as a shyster, you mean that they are dishonest and immoral.
3
Q
lurk
A
- VERB
If someone lurks somewhere, they wait there secretly so that they cannot be seen, usually because they intend to do something bad.
He thought he saw someone lurking above the chamber during the address. [VERB]
Synonyms: hide, sneak, crouch, prowl More Synonyms of lurk - VERB
If something such as a danger, doubt, or fear lurks somewhere, it exists but is not obvious or easily recognized.
Hidden dangers lurk in every family saloon car. [VERB]
Around every corner lurked doubt and uncertainty. [VERB]
4
Q
lounge
A
- COUNTABLE NOUN
In a house, a lounge is a room where people sit and relax.
[mainly British]
The Holmbergs were sitting before a roaring fire in the lounge, sipping their cocoa.
Synonyms: sitting room [British], living room, parlour [old-fashioned], drawing room More Synonyms of lounge - COUNTABLE NOUN
In a hotel, club, or other public place, a lounge is a room where people can sit and relax.
I spoke to her in the lounge of a big Johannesburg hotel where she was attending a union meeting. [+ of] - COUNTABLE NOUN
In an airport, a lounge is a very large room where people can sit and wait for aircraft to arrive or leave.
Instead of taking me to the departure lounge they took me right to my seat on the plane. - VERB
If you lounge somewhere, you sit or lie there in a relaxed or lazy way.
They ate and drank and lounged in the shade. [VERB preposition]
If you don’t want to lounge on the beach, you can go on a guided walk along the nature trail. [VERB preposition]
Synonyms: relax, pass time, hang out [informal], idle
5
Q
tarry
A
- VERB
If you tarry somewhere, you stay there longer than you meant to and delay leaving.
[old-fashioned]
Two old boys tarried on the street corner, discussing cattle. [VERB]
Synonyms: linger, remain, loiter, wait More Synonyms of tarry - ADJECTIVE
If you describe something as tarry, you mean that it has a lot of tar in it or is like tar.
I smelled tarry melted asphalt.
…cups of tarry coffee.
6
Q
skulk
A
VERB
If you skulk somewhere, you hide or move around quietly because you do not want to be seen.
You, meanwhile, will be skulking in the safety of the car. [VERB preposition/adverb]
Harry skulked off. [VERB preposition/adverb]
Synonyms: lurk, hide, lie in wait, loiter
7
Q
legions
A
- COUNTABLE NOUN [oft in names]
A legion is a large group of soldiers who form one section of an army.
He joined the French Foreign Legion.
The last of the Roman legions left Britain in AD 410.
Synonyms: army, company, force, division More Synonyms of legion - COUNTABLE NOUN
A legion of people or things is a great number of them.
[written]
His delightful sense of humour won him a legion of friends. [+ of]
…a legion of stories about noisy neighbours.
Synonyms: multitude, host, mass, drove
8
Q
staunch
A
- ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
A staunch supporter or believer is very loyal to a person, organization, or set of beliefs, and supports them strongly.
He’s a staunch supporter of controls on government spending.
Synonyms: loyal, faithful, stalwart, sure More Synonyms of staunch
staunchly ADVERB
He was staunchly opposed to a public confession. - VERB
To staunch the flow of something means to stop it.
[formal]
The government claims this is the only way to staunch the flow of illegal drugs into the country. [VERB noun]
Efforts to staunch the spill of crude oil from a tanker off the north coast of Scotland are being held up by gale force winds. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: stop, stay, check, arrest More Synonyms of staunch - VERB
To staunch a wound, or to staunch the blood from a wound, means to stop the wound from bleeding.
[formal]
Tom tried to staunch the blood with his handkerchief.
9
Q
similes
A
COUNTABLE NOUN
A simile is an expression which describes a person or thing as being similar to someone or something else. For example, the sentences ‘She runs like a deer’ and ‘He’s as white as a sheet’ contain similes.
10
Q
sobriquets
A
COUNTABLE NOUN [usually singular]
A sobriquet is a humorous name that people give someone or something.
[written]
From his staff he earned the sobriquet ‘Mumbles’.
11
Q
misnomers
A
COUNTABLE NOUN
If you say that a word or name is a misnomer, you mean that it describes something incorrectly.
Herbal ‘tea’ is something of a misnomer because these drinks contain no tea at all.
12
Q
neologisms
A
ADJECTIVE
another word for neologistic
1. a newly coined word, or a phrase or familiar word used in a new sense
2. the practice of using or introducing neologisms
3. rare
a tendency towards adopting new views, esp rationalist views, in matters of religion
13
Q
pastors
A
COUNTABLE NOUN
A pastor is a member of the Christian clergy in some Protestant churches.
Synonyms: clergyman or woman, minister, priest, vicar
14
Q
exterminate
A
VERB
To exterminate a group of people or animals means to kill all of them.
A huge effort was made to exterminate the rats. [VERB noun]
They have a real fear that they’ll be exterminated in the ongoing civil war. [VERB noun]
Man is exterminating too many species for zoos to be much help. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: destroy, kill, eliminate, abolish More Synonyms of exterminate
extermination (ɪkstɜːʳmɪneɪʃən ) UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
…the extermination of hundreds of thousands of their countrymen. [+ of]
Synonyms: destruction, murder, massacre, slaughter
15
Q
ecumenical
A
ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Ecumenical activities, ideas, and movements try to unite different Christian Churches.
[formal]
…ecumenical church services.
He was deeply involved in the ecumenical movement.
Synonyms: unifying, universal, non-denominational, non-sectarian
16
Q
indignant
A
ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE that]
If you are indignant, you are shocked and angry, because you think that something is unjust or unfair.
He is indignant at suggestions that they were secret agents. [+ at/about]
MPs were indignant that the government had not consulted them.
Sheena gave her an indignant look.
Synonyms: resentful, angry, mad [informal], heated
17
Q
extemporaneous
A
ADJECTIVE
- spoken, performed, etc, without planning or preparation; impromptu; extempore
- done in a temporary manner; improvised
18
Q
lubricious
A
ADJECTIVE 1. formal or literary lewd, lascivious,কামুক 2. rare oily or slippery
19
Q
premeditated
A
ADJECTIVE
A premeditated crime is planned or thought about before it is done.
In a case of premeditated murder a life sentence is mandatory.
The attack was premeditated and preplanned.
Synonyms: planned, calculated, deliberate, considered
20
Q
weep
A
- VERB
If someone weeps, they cry.
[literary]
She wanted to laugh and weep all at once. [VERB]
The weeping family hugged and comforted each other. [VERB-ing]
She wept tears of joy. [VERB noun]
Weep is also a noun.
There are times when I sit down and have a good weep. - VERB
If a wound weeps, liquid or blood comes from it because it is not healing properly.
In severe cases, the skin can crack and weep. [VERB]
…little blisters which develop into weeping sores. [VERB-ing]
Synonyms: run, fester, suppurate, exude pus
21
Q
pine
A
- VARIABLE NOUN
A pine tree or a pine is a tall tree which has very thin, sharp leaves and a fresh smell. Pine trees have leaves all year round.
…high mountains covered in pine trees.
Pine is the wood of this tree.
…a big pine table. - VERB
If you pine for someone who has died or gone away, you want them to be with you very much and feel sad because they are not there.
When the family moved away, Polly pined for them. [VERB + for]
Make sure your pet won’t pine while you’re away. [VERB] - VERB
If you pine for something, you want it very much, especially when it is unlikely that you will be able to have it.
I pine for the countryside. [VERB + for]
…the democracy they have pined for since 1939.
22
Q
wail
A
- VERB
If someone wails, they make long, loud, high-pitched cries which express sorrow or pain.
The women began to wail in mourning. [VERB]
…a mother wailing for her lost child. [VERB + for]
Wail is also a noun.
Wails of grief were heard as visitors filed past the site of the disaster. [+ of]
wailing UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Mace still remembers the pitiful wailing of the trapped and the wounded. - VERB
If you wail something, you say it in a loud, high-pitched voice that shows that you are unhappy or in pain.
‘Now look what you’ve done!’ Shirley wailed. [VERB with quote]
Primrose, stupefied by tiredness, began to wail that she was hungry. [VERB that]
[Also V + about]
Synonyms: scream, cry, yell, howl More Synonyms of wail - VERB
If something such as a siren or an alarm wails, it makes a long, loud, high-pitched sound.
Police cars, their sirens wailing, accompanied the lorries. [VERB]
The wind wailed outside the closed windows. [VERB]
Synonyms: howl, scream, roar, cry More Synonyms of wail
Wail is also a noun.
The wail of the bagpipes could be heard in the distance.
23
Q
hedge
A
- COUNTABLE NOUN
A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees, usually along the edge of a garden, field, or road. - VERB
If you hedge against something unpleasant or unwanted that might affect you, especially losing money, you do something which will protect you from it.
You can hedge against redundancy or illness with insurance. [VERB + against]
Today’s clever financial instruments make it possible for firms to hedge their risks. [VERB noun] - COUNTABLE NOUN
Something that is a hedge against something unpleasant will protect you from its effects.
Gold is traditionally a hedge against inflation. [+ against]
Synonyms: guard, cover, protection, compensation
24
Q
jeopardize
A
VERB
To jeopardize a situation or activity means to do something that may destroy it or cause it to fail.
He has jeopardised the future of his government. [VERB noun]
The talks may still be jeopardized by disputes. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: endanger, threaten, put at risk, put in jeopardy
25
renege
VERB
If someone reneges on a promise or an agreement, they do not do what they have promised or agreed to do.
If someone reneged on a deal, they could never trade here again. [VERB + on]
[Also VERB]
Synonyms: break your word, go back, welsh [slang], default
26
forwent
1. to give up or do without
2. archaic
to leave
27
gibe
VERB
1. to make jeering or scoffing remarks (at); taunt
NOUN
2. a derisive or provoking remark
28
panegyric
COUNTABLE NOUN
A panegyric is a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something.
[formal]
...Prince Charles's panegyric on rural living. [+ on]
Synonyms: tribute, praise, homage, accolade
29
perfidy
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Perfidy is the action of betraying someone or behaving very badly towards someone.
[literary]
Synonyms: treachery, betrayal, infidelity, treason
30
meddling
VERB
If you say that someone meddles in something, you are criticizing the fact that they try to influence or change it without being asked.
[disapproval]
Already some people are asking whether scientists have any right to meddle in such matters. [V + in/with]
If only you hadn't felt compelled to meddle. [VERB]
...the inept and meddling bureaucrats. [VERB-ing]
Synonyms: interfere, intervene, tamper, intrude
31
ubiquity
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
If you talk about the ubiquity of something, you mean that it seems to be everywhere.
the state, fact, or capacity of being, or seeming to be, everywhere at the same time; omnipresence
32
rake
1. COUNTABLE NOUN
A rake is a garden tool consisting of a row of metal or wooden teeth attached to a long handle. You can use a rake to make the earth smooth and level before you put plants in, or to gather leaves together.
2. VERB
If you rake a surface, you move a rake across it in order to make it smooth and level.
Rake the soil, press the seed into it, then cover it lightly. [VERB noun]
The beach is raked and cleaned daily. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: scrape, level, smooth, break up More Synonyms of rake
3. VERB
If you rake leaves or ashes, you move them somewhere using a rake or a similar tool.
I watched the men rake leaves into heaps. [VERB noun adverb/preposition]
She raked out the ashes from the boiler. [VERB preposition]
Synonyms: gather, collect, scrape together, scrape up
VERB
If branches or someone's finger nails rake your skin, they scrape across it.
[literary]
Ragged fingernails raked her skin. [VERB noun]
He found the man's cheeks and raked them with his nails. [VERB noun with noun]
Synonyms: graze, scratch, scrape, lacerate More Synonyms of rake
6. VERB
If you rake through a pile of objects or rubbish, you search through it thoroughly with your hands.
Many can survive only by raking through dustbins. [VERB through noun]
Synonyms: search, hunt, examine, scan More Synonyms of rake
7. COUNTABLE NOUN
If you call a man a rake, you mean that he is rather immoral, for example because he gambles, drinks, or has many sexual relationships.
[old-fashioned, disapproval]
Synonyms: libertine, playboy, swinger [slang], profligate
33
omnipresence
ADJECTIVE
Something that is omnipresent is present everywhere or seems to be always present.
[formal]
The sound of sirens was an omnipresent background noise in New York.
The obsessive thoughts became so omnipresent that her memory was affected.
Synonyms: ubiquitous, ever-present, pervasive
34
evanescent
ADJECTIVE
Something that is evanescent gradually disappears from sight or memory.
[formal, or literary]
...the evanescent scents of summer herbs.
Synonyms: ephemeral, passing, brief, fading
35
opine
VERB
To opine means to express your opinion.
[formal]
'She's probably had a row with her boyfriend,' Charles opined. [VERB with quote]
He opined that the navy would have to start again from the beginning. [VERB that]
[Also V + on/about]
Synonyms: suggest, say, think, believe
36
pun
1. COUNTABLE NOUN
A pun is a clever and amusing use of a word or phrase with two meanings, or of words with the same sound but different meanings. For example, if someone says 'The peasants are revolting', this is a pun because it can be interpreted as meaning either that the peasants are fighting against authority, or that they are disgusting.
Synonyms: play on words, quip, double entendre, witticism More Synonyms of pun
2. VERB
If you pun, you try to amuse people by making a pun.
He is constantly punning, constantly playing with language.
37
extraneous
ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Extraneous things are not relevant or essential to the situation you are involved in or the subject you are talking about.
[formal]
We ought not to bring in extraneous matters in trying to find a basis for a settlement.
I can choose to ignore these extraneous thoughts or certainly choose not to act on them.
38
flummoxed
ADJECTIVE
perplexed or bewildered
No wonder Josef was feeling a bit flummoxed.
39
enraged
VERB
If you are enraged by something, it makes you extremely angry.
He was enraged by news of plans to demolish the pub. [be VERB-ed + by]
He enraged the government by renouncing the agreement. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: anger, provoke, irritate, infuriate More Synonyms of enrage
enraged ADJECTIVE
I began getting more and more enraged at my father. [+ at]
The enraged crowd stoned the car, then set it on fire.
Synonyms: furious, cross, wild, angry
40
smitten
1. ADJECTIVE [usually verb-link ADJECTIVE]
If you are smitten, you find someone so attractive that you are or seem to be in love with them.
They were totally smitten with each other. [+ with/by]
Synonyms: infatuated, charmed, captivated, beguiled More Synonyms of smitten
2. GRADED ADJECTIVE [usually verb-link ADJECTIVE, oft ADJ with/by n]
If you are smitten by something, you are very impressed by it and enthusiastic about it.
He was smitten by the landscapes he found in the wild southwest of the country.
3.
Smitten is the past participle of smite.
41
incensed
ADJECTIVE
greatly enraged
the furious blows of the incensed mob.
Mum was incensed at his lack of compassion.
He followed her, incensed that she'd dared to leave him alone.
42
sophomoric
ADJECTIVE
US and Canadian
of or relating to a person who is overconfident with his or her knowledge despite being uninformed
Even humour that is puerile or sophomoric requires craft and a nuanced intelligence to get it right.
43
sweeping
1. ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
A sweeping curve is a long wide curve.
...the long sweeping curve of Rio's Guanabara Bay.
Synonyms: extensive, broad, vast, expansive More Synonyms of sweeping
2. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
If someone makes a sweeping statement or generalization, they make a statement which applies to all things of a particular kind, although they have not considered all the relevant facts carefully.
[disapproval]
It is far too early to make sweeping statements about gene therapy.
3. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Sweeping changes are large and very important or significant.
The new government has started to make sweeping changes in the economy.
The armed forces would be given sweeping new powers.
...sweeping economic reforms.
Synonyms: wide-ranging, global, comprehensive, wide More Synonyms of sweeping
44
meretricious
ADJECTIVE
If you describe something as meretricious, you disapprove of it because although it looks attractive it is actually of little value.
[formal, disapproval]
...vulgar, meretricious and shabby souvenirs.
Synonyms: trashy, flashy, gaudy, garish ,চটকদার
45
opprobrium
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Opprobrium is open criticism or disapproval of something that someone has done.
[formal]
His political opinions have attracted the opprobrium of the Left. [+ of]
...public opprobrium.
Synonyms: censure, criticism, condemnation, discredit
46
fulmination
VERB
If you fulminate against someone or something, you criticize them angrily.
[formal]
They all fulminated against the new curriculum. [V + against/about]
Synonyms: criticize, rage, curse, denounce More Synonyms of fulminate
fulmination (fʊlmɪneɪʃən , fʌl-)
Word forms: plural fulminations
VARIABLE NOUN
...fulminations against the government.
Synonyms: condemnation, denunciation, tirade, diatribe
47
plaudits
PLURAL NOUN
If a person or a thing receives plaudits from a group of people, those people express their admiration for or approval of that person or thing.
[formal]
They won plaudits and prizes for their accomplished films.
48
sap
1. VERB
If something saps your strength or confidence, it gradually weakens or destroys it.
I was afraid the sickness had sapped my strength. [VERB noun]
Analysts say the recession has sapped investor confidence. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: weaken, drain, undermine, rob More Synonyms of sap
2. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Sap is the watery liquid in plants and trees.
The leaves, bark and sap are also common ingredients of local herbal remedies.
Synonyms: juice, essence, vital fluid, secretion More Synonyms of sap
3. COUNTABLE NOUN
If you describe someone as a sap, you think they are foolish.
[informal, disapproval]
Some poor sap of a headmaster is in trouble.
49
exploit
1. VERB
If you say that someone is exploiting you, you think that they are treating you unfairly by using your work or ideas and giving you very little in return.
Critics claim he exploited Black musicians for personal gain. [VERB noun]
...the plight of the exploited sugar cane workers. [VERB-ed]
exploitation (eksplɔɪteɪʃən ) UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Extra payments should be made to protect the interests of the staff and prevent exploitation.
Synonyms: misuse, abuse, manipulation, imposition More Synonyms of exploit
2. VERB
If you say that someone is exploiting a situation, you disapprove of them because they are using it to gain an advantage for themselves, rather than trying to help other people or do what is right.
[disapproval]
The government and its opponents compete to exploit the troubles to their advantage. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: make the best use of, use, make use of, utilize More Synonyms of exploit
exploitation SINGULAR NOUN
...the exploitation of the famine by local politicians. [+ of]
Synonyms: misuse, abuse, manipulation, imposition More Synonyms of exploit
Synonyms: capitalization, utilization, using to good advantage, trading upon More Synonyms of exploit
3. VERB
If you exploit something, you use it well, and achieve something or gain an advantage from it.
You'll need a good aerial to exploit the radio's performance. [VERB noun]
Cary is hoping to exploit new opportunities in Europe. [VERB noun]
So you feel that your skills have never been fully appreciated or exploited? [VERB noun]
4. VERB
To exploit resources or raw materials means to develop them and use them for industry or commercial activities.
I think we're being very short sighted in not exploiting our own coal. [VERB noun]
exploitation UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
...the planned exploitation of its potential oil and natural gas reserves. [+ of]
Synonyms: misuse, abuse, manipulation, imposition More Synonyms of exploit
5. COUNTABLE NOUN [usually plural, with poss]
If you refer to someone's exploits, you mean the brave, interesting, or amusing things that they have done.
His wartime exploits were later made into a film.
Synonyms: feat, act, achievement, enterprise
50
implore
VERB
If you implore someone to do something, you ask them to do it in a forceful, emotional way.
Opposition leaders this week implored the president to break the deadlock. [VERB noun to-infinitive]
'Tell me what to do!' she implored him. [VERB noun with quote]
[Also V with quote, V n]
Synonyms: beg, beseech, entreat, conjure
51
maxim
প্রবাদবাক্য
