300 EIWS Series Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
DEFINE IA
A
INFORMATION OPERATIONS THAT PROTECT AND DEFEND DATA AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
2
Q
DEFINE CERTIFICATION
A
THE EVALUATION OF THE TECHNICAL AND NON TECHNICAL SECURITY FEATURES OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM.
3
Q
DEFINE ACCREDITATION
A
IS THE OFFICIAL MANAGEMENT DECISION TO OPERATE AN INFORMATION SYSTEM IN A SPECIFIED ENVIRONMENT
4
Q
DEFINE DAA (DESIGNATED ACCREDITING AUTHORITY)
A
THE OFFICIAL WHO ASSUMES FORMAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR OPERATING A SYSTEM AT AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL OF RISK.
5
Q
DEFINE SYSTEM SECURITY PLAN
A
SUBMITTED WITH THE SYSTEM SECURITY AUTHORIZATION AGREEMENT
6
Q
DEFINE SYSTEM SECURITY AUTHORIZATION AGREEMENT
A
DESCRIBES THE PLANNED SECURITY TASKS REQUIRED TO MEET SYSTEM OR NETWORK SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
7
Q
DEFINE ATO (AUTHORITY TO OPERATE)
A
GRANTED AFTER SUCCESSFUL CERTIFICATION AND ACCREDITATION OR TO PERMIT A MAJOR CONVERSION OF A SYSTEM. GOOD FOR 3 YEARS.
8
Q
DEFINE IATO
A
INTERIM APPROVAL TO OPERATE - CAN BE GRANTED FOR UP TO 180 DAYS
9
Q
DEFINE CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT
A
ACCOUNTS FOR ALL CHANGES TO A SITE OR INFORMATION SYSTEM DURING ITS DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION CYCLE
10
Q
DISCUSS SECURITY PROCEDURES INVOLVED WHEN PERFORMING CROSS DOMAIN TRANSFERS
A
REVIEW THE SECURITY ATTRIBUTES OF EACH SYSTEM TO DETERMINE ADDITIONAL SECURITY REQUIREMENTS TO BE IMPLEMENTED. DOCUMENT THE REQUIREMENTS AS PART OF THE ACCREDITATION.
11
Q
DISCUSS RISK MANAGEMENT
A
ALLOWS IT MANAGERS TO BALANCE THE COST OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES WHILE ACHIEVING GAINS IN MISSON CAPABILITY
12
Q
NAME THE FIVE ATTRIBUTES OF IA
A
CONFIDENTIALITY AUTHENTICATION AVAILABILITY NON REPUDIATION INTEGRITY
13
Q
WHAT IS CONFIDENTIALITY
A
ASSURANCE THAT INFO IS NOT DISCLOSED TO UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS, PROCESSES OR DEVICES.
14
Q
WHAT IS INTEGRITY
A
ASSURANCE THAT INFORMATION IS NOT MODIFIED BY UNAUTHORIZED PARTIES IN AN UNAUTHORIZED MANNER.
15
Q
WHAT IS AVAILABILITY
A
ASSURANCE OF TIMLEY, RELIABLE ACCESS TO DATA AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS BY AUTHORIZED USERS
16
Q
WHAT IS NON-REPUDIATION
A
ASSURANCE THAT THE SENDER OF DATA IS PROVIDED WITH PROOF OF DELIVERY AND THE RECIPIENT IS PROVIDED WITH PROOF OF SENDERS IDENTITY.
17
Q
WHAT IS AUTHENTICATION
A
ASSURANCE OF THE IDENTITY OF AN EMAIL MESSAGE SENDER OR RECEIVER.
18
Q
LIST THE NINE CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER INCIDENTS
A
MALICIOUS LOGIC USER LEVEL INTRUSION ROOT LEVEL INTRUSION DENIAL OF SERVICE EXPLAINED ANOMALY RECONNAISSANCE UNSUCCESSFUL ACTIVITY ATTEMPT NON COMPLIANCE ACTIVITY INVESTIGATING
19
Q
EXPLAIN THE DOD WORLD WIDE WEB SECURITY POLICY
A
ALL WEBSITES MUST BE REGISTERED THROUGH THE NAVY WEB SITE REGISTRATION SYSTEM.
20
Q
DEFINE IAVA
A
INFORMATION ASSURANCE VULNERABILITY ALERT
ADDRESSES SEVERE NETWORK VULNERABILITIES THAT POSE IMMEDIATE AND SEVERE THREATS TO DOD SYSTEMS
21
Q
DEFINE IAVB
A
INFORMATION ASSURANCE VULNERABILITY BULLETIN - ADDRESSES NEW VULNERABILITIES THAT DO NOT POSE AN IMMEDIATE RISK TO DOD SYSTEMS
22
Q
DEFINE IAVT
A
INFORMATION ASSURANCE VULNERABILITY TECHNOLOGY ADVISORY - VULNERABILITIES PRESENTED IN A TECHNICAL ADVISORY POSE A LOW RISK TO DOD SYSTEMS AND ACTION IS RECOMMENDED BUT NOT REQUIRED.
23
Q
DEFINE CTO
A
COMPUTER TASKING ORDER - CHANGE TO A POLICY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
24
Q
DEFINE NTD (NAVY TELECOMMUNICATION DIRECTIVE)
A
A DIRECTIVE UPDATING POLICY AND GUIDANCE ON A NETWORK
25
DEFINE SERVICE PACK
A COLLECTION OF UPDATES, FIXES OR ENHANCEMENTS TO A SOFTWARE PROGRAM DELIVERED IN THE FORM OF A SINGLE INSTALLABLE PACKAGE
26
DEFINE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
EXAMINATION OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM OR PRODUCT TO DETERMINE THE EFFICIENCY OF SECURITY MEASURES.
27
STATE THE DUTIES OF AN IAM
INFORMATION ASSURANCE MANAGER
OVERSEAS ALL IAO'S, ENSURES SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS, GUIDANCE AND SOPS ARE MAINTAINED AND IMPLEMENTED. OVERSEAS ALL IAVA'S, SECURITY MEASURES, EVALUATIONS, AND ACCREDITATION
28
DISA
DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEM AGENCY -
| PROVIDES COMMAND AND CONTROL CAPABILITIES
29
NCDOC
NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS DEFENSE OPERATIONS COMMAND -
| OVERSEAS AND MONITORS NETWORKS
30
TNOSC
THEATER NETWORK OPERATIONS AND SECURITY CENTER - SINGLE POC FOR REGIONAL CUSTOMERS
31
DEFINE AND STATE THE PURPOSE OF FLTNOC
THEATER NETWORK OPERATIONS AND SECURITY CENTER - SINGLE POC FOR REGIONAL CUSTOMERS
32
UARNOC
UNIFIED ATLANTIC REGIONAL NETWORK OPERATIONS CENTER NORFOLK VA
33
PRNOC
PACIFIC REGIONAL NETWORK OPERATIONS CENTER
| HAWAII
34
ECRNOC
EUROPEAN CENTRAL REGIONAL NETWORK OPERATIONS CENTER - NAPLES
35
IORNOC
INDIAN OCEAN REGIONAL NETWORK OPERATIONS CENTER - BAHRAIN
36
EXPLAIN THE THREE THINGS THAT MUST BE MET TO RECEIVE IP SERVICES FROM FLTNOC
MUST HAVE INTERIM AUTHORITY TO OPERATE OR AUTHORITY TO OPERATE
SUBMIT AN IP SERVICE REQUEST MESSAGE
SUBMIT A VAILD SATELLITE ACCESS AUTHORIZATION
37
DEFINE N2N
NOC TO NOC CUTOVER
38
STATE THE CIB THAT PROVIDES GUIDANCE FOR IP SERVICE REQUESTS FOR NIPRNET/SIPRNET
CIB 3A
39
STATE THE CIB THAT PROVIDES GUIDANCE FOR IP SERVICE REQUESTS FOR
SI SERVICES
GLOBAL CIB 20H
40
NAME THE CONTROLLING AUTHORITY FOR NAVY FIREWALL POLICIES
DON CHIEF OF INFORMATION OFFICER
41
NAME THE INSTRUCTION THAT COVERS ALL COMPUTER AND NETWORK INCIDENT RESPONSES
OPNAVINST 2201.2
42
STATE THE LOCATION OF THE SINOC'S
SENSITIVE INFORMATION NETWORK OPERATIONS CENTER - NORFOLK AND HAWAII
43
STATE THE PURPOSE OF MOSS
MICROSOFT OFFICE SHARE POINT SERVER
| A SERVER THAT RUNS SHAREPOINT
44
STATE THE PURPOSE OF CAS
COLLABORATION AT SEA -
| REAL TIME BATTLE GROUP INTRANET
45
STATE THE PURPOSE OF JCA
JOINT SERVICE IMAGERY PROCESSING SYSTEM (JSIPS-N) CONCENTRATOR ARCHITECTURE (JCA)
FAST AND EFFICIENT DELIVERY OF INTEL IMAGERY /SECRET/ GENSER
46
DEFINE HOST/CLIENT
ANY NETWORK DEVICE WITH AN IP ADDRESS
47
DEFINE APPLICATION SERVER
CENTRAL POINT WHERE APPLICATIONS ARE HELD
48
DEFINE HUB
A DEVICE THAT CONNECTS ALL THE SEGMENTS OF THE NETWORK TOGETHER IN A STAR TOPOLOGY
49
DEFINE ROUTER
USES IP ADDRESS
50
DEFINE WAP
WIRELESS ACCESS POINT
| ALLOWS MOBILE USERS TO CONNECT TO A WIRED NETWORK WIRELESSLY VIA RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNOLOGIES
51
DEFINE SWITCH
USES MAC ADDRESS
52
DEFINE PROXY SERVER
USED TO FILTER TRAFFIC AND CACHE WEBSITES
53
DEFINE FIREWALL
A COMBINATION OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE THAT PROTECTS A NETWORK FROM ATTACK BY HACKERS.
54
DEFINE VPN CONCENTRATOR
DEVICE THAT CREATES REMOTE ACCESS FOR VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS.
55
DEFINE REPEATER
GIVES YOU AN EXTENSION TO YOUR ETHERNET SEGMENT.
56
DEFINE THE DISTRIBUTION LAYER OF ROUTING
INCLUDES LAN BASED ROUTERS AND LAYER 3 SWITCHES. ENSURES PACKETS ARE ROUTED BETWEEN SUBNETS AND VLANS.
57
DEFINE THE CORE LAYER OF ROUTING
INCLUDES HIGH END SIWTCHES AND HIGH SPEED CABLES SUCH AS FIBER. CONCERNED WITH SPEED AND ENSURES RELIABLE DELIVERY OF PACKETS.
58
DEFINE TOPOLOGY
SHOWS HOW DATA NAVIGATES THROUGH ITS LAYOUT.
59
DEFINE BUS TOPOLOGY
TWO DISTINCT AND TERMINATED ENDS WITH EACH OF ITS COMPUTERS CONNECTED TO ONE UNBROKEN CABLE
60
DEFINE STAR TOPOLOGY
COMPUTERS ARE CONNECTED TO A CENTRAL POINT WITH THEIR OWN OR INDIVIDUAL WIRELESS CONNECTION.
61
DEFINE RING TOPOLOGY
COMPUTERS CONNECT DIRECTLY TO OTHER COMPUTERS WITHIN THE SAME NETWORK
62
DEFINE MESH TOPOLOGY
A PATH FROM EVERY MACHINE TO EVERY OTHER ON IN THE NETWORK
63
DEFINE LAN
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
| COVERS A CERTAIN GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION (EX: AN OFFICE BUILDING)
64
DEFINE WAN
WIDE AREA NETWORK
SPANS A LARGE GEOGRAPHIC AREA
EX: INTERNET
65
DEFINE MAN
METROPOLITAN AREA NETOWRK
| SPANS A LARGE CITY, USUALLY INTERCONNECTS A NUMBER OF LANS AND PROVIDES LINK UP SERVICE TO WANS.
66
DEFINE GAN
GLOBAL ACCESS NETWORK
| EXTENDS MOBLIE VOICE , DATA AND IP MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS OVER IP NETWORKS
67
NAME THE LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL
```
APPLICATION
PRESENTATION
SESSION
TRANSPORT
NETWORK
DATA LINK
PHYSICAL
```
68
WHAT IS THE APPLICATION LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL
FILE, PRINT, MESSAGE, DATA BASE, APPLICATION SERVICES (USER INTERFACE)
69
WHATS IS THE PRESENTATION LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL
DATA ENCYRPTION, COMPRESSION, TRANSLATION SERVICES
70
WHAT IS THE SESSION LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL
DIALOG CONTROL
| KEEPS DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS DATA SEPARATE. ESTABLISHES CONNECTIONS
71
WHAT IS THE TRANSPORT LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL
END TO END CONNECTION, ERROR CORRECTION BEFORE RE-TRANSMIT
72
WHAT IS THE NETWORK LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL
ROUTING
| LOGICAL ADDRESSING FOR ROUTERS
73
WHAT IS THE DATA LINK LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL
FRAMING, COMBINE PACKETS INTO BYTES (MAC ADDRESS), ERROR DETECTION
74
WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY, MOVES BITS BETWEEN DEVICES, VOLTAGE, PHYSICAL WIRE.
75
WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE TCP/IP MODEL
PROCESS/APPLICATION
HOST TO HOST
INTERNET
NETWORK ACCESS
76
WHAT IS THE PROCESS/APPLICATION LAYER OF THE TCP/IP MODEL
APPLICATION, PRESENTATION, SESSION
77
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IPV4 AND IPV6
V4 IS 32 BIT
V6 IS 128 BIT
V6 IS MORE SECURE, EASIER TO IMPLEMENT AND MORE ADDRESS SPACE.
78
DEFINE NIPRNET
NON SECURE INTERNET PROTOCOL ROUTER NETWORK
| IS A GLOBAL LONG HAUL IP BASED NETWORK TO SUPPORT UNCLASSIFIED IP DATA COMMUNICATIONS
79
DEFINE SIPRNET
SECURE INTERNET PROTOCOL ROUTER NETWORK
| COMMAND AND CONTROL DATA NETWORK SUPPORTING CLASSIFIED APPLICATIONS.
80
DEFINE JWICS
JOINT WORLDWIDE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
| SECURE GLOBAL NETWORK DESIGNED FOR TS/SCI INTELLIGENCE COMMUNICATIONS WORLDWIDE.
81
EXPLAIN DISN
THE DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEM NETWORK
| PROVIDES VOICE, DATA, AND VIDEO TRANSPORT SERVICES FOR CLASSIFIED AND UNCLASSIFIED USERS
82
WHAT IS NMCI
THE NAVY/MARINE CORPS INTRANET NMCI IS A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE NAVY AND INDUSTRY. THE NAVY DOES NOT OWN OR MANAGE THE INFRASTRUCTURE.
83
WHAT IS ONE NET
OCONUS COMMANDS IN EACH REGION OPERATE AND MAINTAIN THEIR OWN IT INFRASTRUCTURE.
84
WHAT IS IT-21
PROVIDES NETWORK CONNECTIVITY AFLOAT. USES COTS(COMMERCIAL OFF THE SHELF) TECHNOLOGY.
85
DEFINE MACHINE LANGUAGE
SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTIONS AND DATA EXECUTED BY THE CPU.
86
DEFINE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
LOW LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
| FOR COMPUTERS.
87
DEFINE HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
ADVANCED COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE THAT IS NOT LIMITED BY THE COMPUTER, MORE EASILY UNDERSTOOD.
88
DEFINE OPERATING SYSTEM
AN INTERFACE BETWEEN HARDWARE AND USER.
89
DEFINE APPLICATION
COMPUTER SOFTWARE DESIGNED TO HELP THE USER PERFORM SPECIFIC TASKS.
90
WHAT IS A VIRUS
COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT CAN COPY ITSELF AND INFECT A COMPUTER.
91
WHAT IS A WORM
SELF REPLICATING MALWARE COMPUTER PROGRAM.
92
WHAT IS A TROJAN
MALWARE THAT APPEARS TO PERFORM A DESIRABLE FUNCTION TO THE USER.
93
DEFINE BACKDOOR
METHOD OF BYPASSING NORMAL AUTHENTICATION, SECURING REMOTE ACCESS TO A COMPUTER.
94
DEFINE PHISHING
THE CRIMINALLY FRAUDULENT PROCESS OF ATTEMPTING TO ACQUIRE SENSITIVE INFORMATION.
95
WHAT IS NETWORK ENUMERATION
COMPUTER PROGRAM USED TO RETRIEVE USER NAMES, INFO ON GROUPS, SHARES AND SERVICES OF NETWORKED COMPUTERS.
96
DEFINE BUFFER OVERFLOW
WHEN ATTEMPTING TO PUT MORE DATA IN THE BUFFER THAN IT CAN HOLD AND IT OVERWRITES DATA.
97
DEFINE SQL INJECTION
A CODE INJECTION TECHNIQUE THAT EXPLOITS A SECURITY VULNERABILITY OCCURRING IN THE DATABASE LAYER OF AN APPLICATION.
98
DEFINE DICTIONARY ATTACK
A TECHNIQUE FOR DEFEATING AN AUTHENTICATION MECHANISM BY SEARCHING LIKELY POSSIBILITIES
99
DEFINE PRIVILEGE ESCALATION
ACT OF EXPLOITING A BUG OR DESIGN FLAW TO GAIN ELEVATED ACCESS.
100
DEFINE SOCIAL ENGINEERING
ACT OF MANIPULATING PEOPLE INTO PERFORMING ACTIONS OR DIVULGING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.
101
DEFINE BRUTE FORCE ATTACK
SYSTEMATICALLY CHECKING ALL POSSIBLE KEYS UNTIL THE CORRECT KEY IS FOUND.
102
DESCRIBE PKI
BINDS PUBLIC KEYS WITH USER IDENTITIES BY MEANS OF CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY.
103
STATE THE PURPOSE OF DNS
DOMAIN NAMING SYSTEM
| CONVERTS HOST NAMES TO IP ADDRESSES
104
Discuss the following decoys (MK 214/216/245)
a. MK 214 – NATO Sea Gnat - Seduction
b. MK 216 – NATO Sea Gnat - Distraction
c. MK 245 – Giant Infrared Decoy
105
WHAT IS HBSS
HOST BASED SECURITY SYSTEM
106
GOAL OF HBSS
TO PROVIDE LOCAL SECURITY TO THE INTERNAL SHIPBOARD COMPUTER NETWORK
107
POINT PRODUCT/SOFTWARE OF HBSS
```
ROUGE SYSTEM SENSOR
MSSQL DATABASE
DATA CONTROL MODULE POINT PRODUCT
MCAFEE AGENT
HOST INTRUSION PREVENTION POINT PRODUCT
POLICY AUDITOR POINT PRODUCT
VIRUS SCAN ENTERPRISE POINT PRODUCT
```
108
MCAFEE AGENT
MAIN MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
| THE EPO AND THE VARIOUS POINT PRODUCTS AGENTS
109
Define HIP
(HOST INTRUSION PREVENTION)
110
Define DLP
DATA LOSS PREVENTION
111
Define WSUS
WINDOWS SERVER UPDATE SERVICES
enables information technology administrators to deploy
the latest Microsoft product updates to computers that
are running the Windows operating system.
112
WSUS ON SERVERS
RECEIVES PATCHES AND UPDATES FROM SPAWAR. PUSHES TO THE CLIENTS. DOWNLOADS TWICE PER
DAY.
113
WSUS ON CLIENTS
RECEIVES UPDATES FROM
SERVERS AND INSTALLS
PATCHES AND UPDATES
114
ANTI VIRUS
is protective software designed to defend your computer against malicious software
115
Define IAO
INFORMATION SECURITY OFFICE (ENLISTED)
IT1 COUCH REPORTS TO THE IAM FOR ALL NETWORK SECURITY RELATED ISSUES. TRACK AND
MAINTAINS NS ADMIN ISSUES VERIFY S ALL
SYSTEMS ARE PATCHED AND UP TO DATE.
116
Define IAM
INFORMATION ASSURANCE MANAGER
LT JOO REPORTABLE TO THE COMMANDING
OFFICER IN ALL IA RELATED SYSTEMS,
ISSUES AND POLICIES.
117
DEFINE PKI AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO SECURITY OF DON SYSTEMS
PKI is a security architecture that has been
introduced to provide an increased level of
confidence for exchanging information over an
increasingly insecure Internet
118
How does Naval Oceanography support the Information Dominance mission?
Raw data is used to provide critical information from the ocean depths to the top of the earth’s atmosphere and is used to provide critical information to the warfighter to aid in decision making.
119
Discuss the various types of METOC (meteorology and oceanography) products available through the Navy Oceanography Portal (NOP).
The products are: Storm warnings, command information, and detailed forecast information for specified areas. Buoy information, atmospheric models, radar pictures, ocean models, navigation hazards and climatology reports.
120
Discuss GOES (geostationary operational environmental satellite).
Operated by U.S. national environmental satellite, data, and info services (NESDIS), supports weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorology research.
121
Discuss POES (polar operational environmental satellite)
Operates a constellation of weather satellites in polar orbits around earth.
122
Discuss DMSP (defense meteorological satellite program)
Monitors meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics for the U.S. DoD. They provide cloud cover imagery from polar orbits and relay important weather and climate data to war fighters for more effective military ops.
123
Discuss NPOESS (national polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system.
Was to be U.S. next-generation satellite system until it was dissolved by White House.
124
Discuss TRMM (tropical rainfall measuring mission)
Joint space mission between NASA and Japan aerospace exploration agency to monitor and study tropical rainfall.
125
Define/discuss the following meteorological terms and elements.
a. Wind direction/speed- direction from which wind blowing, rate of motion of air on unit of time, commonly measured in MPH
b. Temperature:
1. Ambient air temperature- Temperature of surroundings
2. Wind chill- Air temp felt on exposed skin due to wind, usually lower than air temp
3. Heat stress- effect of excessive heat on body
c. Precipitation- all forms of water, liquid or solid, that falls from clouds to the ground
d. Relative humidity- ratio of actual vapor pressure of air to saturation vapor pressure
e. Sky condition- a description of the appearance of the sky
f. Atmospheric pressure- pressure exerted by atmosphere at a given point
g. Air mass-extensive body of air throughout which the horizontal temp and moisture characteristics are similar
h. Cold front- leading edge of advancing cold air mass
Warm front- leading edge of advancing warm air mass
Occluded front- complex front formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front
i. Restricted visibility- condition of limited visibility due to mist, fog, rain, ect
j. Fog- A cloud that touches the earth surface
k. Sunrise/Sunset- sun rises in the east and sets in the west
l. Moonrise/moonset- first appearance/disappearance of moon over earth’s horizon
m. Lunar illumination- reflection of moonlight
n.Tropical Cyclones
1. Tropical depression- Individual thunderstorms that are grouped together. Wind less than 34kt
2. Tropical storm- winds between 34-63kt
3. Hurricane/Typhoon- sustained winds of 64kt or greater
o. Thunderstorm- A storm formed by warm humid unstable air consisting of thunder and lightning.
p. Tornado/waterspout- Violent, dangerous, rotating column of air, in contact with both surface of earth and a cumulonimbus cloud / Waterspout is a tornado that occurs over water.
q. Funnel cloud- Funnel-shaped cloud, extending from cloud bottom of a cumulonimbus cloud that does NOT touch the ground.
126
Discuss the following effects of weather on military operations:
a. Visibility- Varying degrees of concealment reduce effects of thermal radiation, favors defenders.
b. Precipitation- Mobility, personnel and equipment, attenuation of electromagnetic waves, flooding
c. Winds-Increase mixing in the by lifting contaminants and causing turbulence
d. Cloud cover- Reduces visibility from air to ground contacts
e. Temperature and humidity- Tactical ops, can make closed vehicles uninhabitable
127
Define/discuss the following oceanographic terms and elements:
a. Ocean eddies.
1. Cold – Occurs when a pocket of cold water breaks off from a cold current and travels counter clockwise into warmer ocean waters.
2. Warm - Occurs when a pocket of warm water breaks off from a warm current and travels clockwise into warmer ocean waters.
b. Bathythermograph- Temp sensor, detects changes in water temp verses depth. Records pressure and temp changes as it drops through the water.
c. Bioluminescence - The light emitted by an organism by a chemical reaction and can be used to detect submarines.
d. Seas
1. Sea wave- Waves generated by the wind in the local area
2. Wave height- The distance in feet between the crest and trough of a wave
3. Wave period- The time it takes a wave to cross a given point from crest to crest or trough to trough and is measured in seconds.
4. Swell wave- Seas that have moved out and away from area in which they were formed
e. SST (sea surface temp)- Water temp close to the surface
f. Tides
1. Ebb Tide- The receding or outgoing tide
2. Flood Tide- The incoming or rising tide
3. High Tide-When sea level is at its highest point.
4. Low Tide- When sea level is at its lowest point.
g. Currents
1. Open ocean- Refers to the motion of the ocean water driven by tides, winds or differences in density.
2. Littoral- Current produced by the transport of the water caused by the breaking action of the waves that strikes a beach.
3. Rip- Strong channel of water flowing seaward from near the shore cause by the piling up of water along the shore when waves are parallel to the shore.
h. Surf zone- The area from the water up rush outward to the point which waves first show any indication of breaking..
i. Breaker type
1. Spilling- Occurs with a gentle and flat beach slope. Crest of wave undergoes deformation and destabilizes, resulting in spilling over front of wave
2. Plunging- Crest of wave curls over and crashes into base of wave, creating sizable splash and occurs with moderate to steep beach slopes.
3. Surging- On steeper beaches, a wave might advance up without breaking at all. Deforms and flattens from the bottom.
j. Ocean fronts- Ocean boundaries between water masses of different density
k. Ocean bottom
1. Topography- The configuration of the of the sea floor and ocean surface.
2. Composition- What the ocean floor is made up of (rocks, silt, sand, ect.)
128
Discuss how the ocean surface, subsurface, and littoral impacts the environment and operations:
Relative sea state is a major factor in determining the feasibility of naval operations and functionality of maritime weapons platforms.
129
Describe the following thermal layers in the ocean
a. Mixed layer- The upper layer of the ocean consisting of relatively warmer water temps mixed by the winds at the surface of the ocean.
b. Thermocline- Found at the base of the mixed layer and is marked by a rapid decrease in water temp with depth.
c. Deep layer- The bottom layer of water with fairly consistent cold temps and pressure is the major factor in sound speed.
130
Discuss effects and significance of the following parameters on transmission of sound in seawater:
a. Temperature- An increase in water temperature increases sound speed
b. Pressure- An increase in pressure increase sound speed.
c. Salinity- an increase in Salinity will increase sound speed. Greatest when there is significant influx on fresh water or surface evaporation creates high salinity.
131
Discuss the basic relationship of METOC to Geospatial Intel:
METOC data is considered an intelligence layer of GEOINT info base.
132
Describe the impacts of environmental conditions to the following warfare area:
a. anti-submarine warfare ops- Variances in temp, salinity, and pressure will affect detection ranges
b. Naval special warfare ops- Target area of environmental conditions include terrain restrictions, time of day, adverse weather, seasonal and temp effects.
c. Mine warfare ops- Surface winds, wave action, prevailing visibility, hours of daylight, and tides.
d. Air defense ops- Visibility, accuracy, coms, radar contact, ect
e. Information warfare ops- Accurate weather info can increase the probability of success and enable friendly forces to exploit weather-induced limitations of enemy forces and systems. can also assist in forecasting the electro-optical environment.
f. Humanitarian assistance / disaster relief ops- Identifying METOC conditions in order to successfully identify areas where forces can and may go, how to get supplies/materials to the right places, and the environmental impacts to ops planning.
g. Chemical, biological, nuclear warfare- Consider requirements to move and decontaminate personnel, vehicles, and equipment in support of evacuation, redeployment, or any movement from a contaminated site.
h. Strike Warfare- helps determine the proper sensor to use do to environmental conditions.
133
Discuss the effects that the following atmospheric conditions can have on the electromagnetic propagation of radar beam:
a. Standard refraction- Influence on temp, moisture and pressure, index of refraction decreases with altitude (wave will bend downward from a straight line)
b. Super refraction- Moisture and pressure causes radar waves to bend more towards the earth’s surface than under normal conditions. Extended ranges
c. Sub-refraction- Cause radar waves to be refracted upward and away from the earth’s surface. Reduced ranges
d. Trapping- Trapped between two areas, the earth’s surface or upper boundary of another layer, trapping can significantly extend radar ranges
134
Describe the criteria and weather conditions associated with each of the following warnings and how they will impact operations at your station.
a. Small craft- Winds 18-33KT (lower threshold set by local area authority)
b. Gale Warning- Winds 34-47KT and are not associated with tropical cyclones
c. Storm Warning- Winds 48KT or greater and are not associated with tropical cyclones.
d. Local wind advisory- Wind advisory set for local parameters
e. High seas- Warning for seas that are forecasted to be over 12ft.
f. Severe Thunderstorm /Tornado Warning- Thunderstorm with forecasted winds gusting to 50KT or higher and/or hail of ¾ inch diameter or greater. Tornados are found in Severe Thunderstorms.
g. Thunderstorm Warnings:
Thunderstorm Condition I: Lightning and thunderstorms are anticipated within 1 hour or are within a 10NM radius of the station/ship.
Thunderstorm Condition II: Lightning and thunderstorms are anticipated within 6 hours or are within a 25NM radius of the station/ship.
h. Hurricane/Typhoon- tropical systems with sustained winds of 64kt or greater
135
Thunderstorm Condition I
Lightning and thunderstorms are anticipated within 1 hour or are within a 10NM radius of the station/ship.
136
Thunderstorm Condition II
Lightning and thunderstorms are anticipated within 6 hours or are within a 25NM radius of the station/ship
137
Hurricane/Typhoon
Tropical systems with sustained winds of 64kt or greater
138
Discuss the following tropical cyclone conditions of readiness (COR) and who sets them
a. COR 5- All conditions normal no tropical threat.
b. COR 4- possible threat of destructive winds on station within 72 hours
c. COR 3- possible threat of destructive winds on station within 48 hours
d. COR 2- anticipated destructive winds on station within 24 hours
e. COR 1- anticipated destructive winds on station within 12 hours or already occurring
139
TCCOR 5
All conditions normal no tropical threat.
140
TCCOR 4
Possible threat of destructive winds on station within 72 hours
141
TCCOR 3
Possible threat of destructive winds on station within 48 hours
142
TCCOR 2
Anticipated destructive winds on station within 24 hours
143
TCCOR 1
Anticipated destructive winds on station within 12 hours or already occurring
144
Nautical almanac
Provides US Navy with a convenient form of astronomical date used for celestial navigation
145
Astronomical almanac
Data astronomical phenomena about the sun, moon, planets, satellites.
146
State the mission of The NAVMETOCCOM Command with respect to fleet operations
Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (NAVMETOCCOM) is a third echelon Naval command whose mission is to provide environmental information to warfighters and their mission planning, command and control, and weapon systems.
147
Discuss the mission of the Naval Oceanographic Office
a) List the products they provide
The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), is the largest subordinate command within the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, is responsible for providing oceanographic products and services to all elements of the Department of Defense. NAVOCEANO is located at John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi.
148
Discuss the following Tactical Decision Aids and operational aids that FNMOC offers to the fleet as “reach- back” support
a) AREPS- Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System
Is a TDA (Tactical Decision Aid) which computes and displays various electromagnetic system performances in order to assess tactical decisions.
b) TAWS- Target Acquisition Weapons Software.
TAWS is for IR and electro-optical (EO) systems equivalent to AREPS but for EO.
c) WEBSAR- Web Based Search and Rescue. SIPR based tool for predictions involving SAR missions
149
What are the four principle components of a hydrographic survey?
Positioning, Water Depth, Features, Seafloor characteristics
150
State where the two Fleet Weather Centers are located.
FWC San Diego and FWC Norfolk
151
Discuss the role of OTSR.
Optimal Track Ship Route (OTSR). OTSR is an advisory service designed to provide hazardous weather avoidance. This is accomplished through route surveillance and the application of long range forecasting
152
Discuss and explain the METOC functions below pertaining to Fleet Operations:
a) Collect- Collecting information about atmospheric/ocean conditions
b) Analyze- Using raw data to determine predictive outcomes
c) Predict- Creating informed decisions about what potential weather will be
d) Tailor-
e) Integrate-
153
Small craft warning
Winds 18-33KT (lower threshold set by local area authority)
154
High wind warning
Advisory for high winds, criteria determined by local stations
155
Discuss the purpose of the AREPS program.
Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System
Is a TDA (Tactical Decision Aid) which computes and displays various electromagnetic system performances in order to assess tactical decisions
156
Define and discuss the relevance of the following terms and how they apply in regards to an AMW brief.
a) Modified Surf Index- (MSI) is a number which represents the total degree of difficulty of operating landing craft in the prevailing or forecasted surf conditions in the surf zone of a specific beach
b) Surf Zone- The area between the water edge to the farthest seaward breaker
c) Beach Trafficability- Estimate of vehicle mobility over beaches
157
Define and discuss the relevance of the following terms and how they apply in regards to an AREP (Advance Refractive Effects Prediction System) briefing.
a) Sub-refraction- Cause radar waves to be refracted upward and away from the earth’s surface. Reduced ranges
b) Super-refraction- Moisture and pressure causes radar waves to bend more towards the earth’s surface than under normal conditions. Extended ranges
c) Trapping- Trapped between two areas, the earth’s surface or upper boundary of another layer, trapping can significantly extend radar ranges
158
Explain of the function of the following METOC equipment
a) SMQ-11- Weather satellite receiver
b) HWDDC- BHR’s “Doppler Radar”. Takes feed from SPS-48 and turns it into a Doppler radar output for METOC use.
c) MRS- Mini-Radionsonde System
159
What areas of communications can solar activity severely impact?
GPS, SATCOM, FLIR
